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Essays — Second Series
Essays — Second Series

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.
If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.
That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.
We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.
The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Essays — Second Series

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Essays — Second Series is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.
/θɪŋz ɑːr soʊ ˈstrɪktli rɪˈleɪtɪd ðæt əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə skɪl ʌv ðə aɪ frʌm ˈeni wʌn ˈɑːbdʒekt ðə pɑːrts ənd ˈprɑːpərtiz ʌv ˈeni ˈʌðər meɪ biː prɪˈdɪktɪd/
Line 2
If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.
/ɪf wiː hæd aɪz tuː siː ɪt ə bɪt ʌv stoʊn frʌm ðə ˈsɪti wɔːl wʊd ˈsɜːrtəfaɪ ʌs ʌv ðə nəˈsesəti ðæt mæn mʌst ɪɡˈzɪst æz ˈredəli æz ðə ˈsɪti/
Line 3
That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.
/ðæt aɪˈdentɪtiː meɪks ʌs ɔːl wʌn ənd rəˈduːsəz tuː ˈnʌθɪŋ ɡreɪt ˈɪntərvəlz ɑːn ˈaʊər ˈkʌstəmeri skeɪl/
Line 4
We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.
/wiː tɔːk ʌv diviˈeɪʃənz frʌm ˈnætʃərəl laɪf æz ɪf ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl laɪf wɜːr nɑːt ˈɔːlsoʊ ˈnætʃərəl/
Line 5
The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aboriginal adjective US /ˌæbərˈɪdʒənəl/

characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from the beginning

From this reading “The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.”

axis noun US /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading “The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.”

certify verb US /ˈsɜːrtəfaɪ/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading “If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.”

deviations noun US /diviˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “deviation” — a variation that deviates from the standard or norm

From this reading “We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.”

omnipotent adjective US /ɑːmˈnɪpətənt/

having unlimited power

From this reading “The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.”

predicted verb US /prɪˈdɪktɪd/

past form of “predict” — make a prediction about; tell in advance

From this reading “Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.”

reduces verb US /rəˈduːsəz/

third-person singular of “reduce” — cut down on; make a reduction in

From this reading “That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.”

smoothest adjective US /ˈsmuːðəst/

superlative of “smooth” — having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading “The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

aboriginaladjectiveUS /ˌæbərˈɪdʒənəl/

characteristic of or relating to people inhabiting a region from the beginning

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

artificialadjectiveUS /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl/

contrived by art rather than nature

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

axisnounUS /ˈæksəs/

a straight line through a body or figure that satisfies certain conditions

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

billetsdoux

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

bitnounUS /bɪt/

a small piece or quantity of something

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

boudoirs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

certifyverbUS /ˈsɜːrtəfaɪ/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

courtiernounUS /ˈkɔːrtiər/

an attendant at the court of a sovereign

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

curledadjectiveUS /kɜːrld/

(of hair) making curls or having been made to curl

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

customaryadjectiveUS /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

deviationsnounUS /diviˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “deviation” — a variation that deviates from the standard or norm

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

essences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

Himmaleh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

identitynounUS /aɪˈdentɪtiː/

the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

intervalsnounUS /ˈɪntərvəlz/

plural of “interval” — a definite length of time marked off by two instants

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

mountain-chains

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

omnipotentadjectiveUS /ɑːmˈnɪpətənt/

having unlimited power

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

predictedverbUS /prɪˈdɪktɪd/

past form of “predict” — make a prediction about; tell in advance

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

propertiesnounUS /ˈprɑːpərtiz/

plural of “property” — something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

reducesverbUS /rəˈduːsəz/

third-person singular of “reduce” — cut down on; make a reduction in

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading That identity makes us all one, and reduces to nothing great intervals on our customary scale.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

smoothestadjectiveUS /ˈsmuːðəst/

superlative of “smooth” — having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

strictlyadverbUS /ˈstrɪktli/

restricted to something

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

ThingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Things are so strictly related, that according to the skill of the eye, from any one object the parts and properties of any other may be predicted.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We talk of deviations from natural life, as if artificial life were not also natural.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The smoothest curled courtier in the boudoirs of a palace has an animal nature, rude and aboriginal as a white bear, omnipotent to its own ends, and is directly related, there amid essences and billetsdoux, to Himmaleh mountain-chains and the axis of the globe.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading If we had eyes to see it, a bit of stone from the city wall would certify us of the necessity that man must exist, as readily as the city.

Chapter 12 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson holds 146 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Essays — Second Series contain?

Chapter 12 holds 146 sentences of Essays — Second Series, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 146 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Essays — Second Series?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Essays — Second Series

Common questions about reading Essays — Second Series by Ralph Waldo Emerson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Essays — Second Series?

Yes. All 2456 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2945 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Essays — Second Series is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2945, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Essays — Second Series take to read?

About 204 minutes of reading across 492 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Essays — Second Series section by section

How to work through Essays — Second Series section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Essays — Second Series to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Essays — Second Series

Words and structures a reader meets early in Essays — Second Series, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Moody
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Child
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pursued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Essays — Second Series; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.