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Etidorhpa
Etidorhpa

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Etidorhpa is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.
"Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.
Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.
A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.
Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Etidorhpa

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Etidorhpa is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.
Line 2
"Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.
Line 3
Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.
Line 4
A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.
Line 5
Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.
/hiːr ˈneɪʃənz miːt ənd ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz sɪŋk tuː ə ˈkɑːmən ˈlevəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barbarism noun US /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/

a brutal barbarous savage act

From this reading “A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.”

climes noun US /klaɪmz/

plural of “clime” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading “"Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.”

depraved adjective US /diˈpreɪvd/

deviating from what is considered moral or right or proper or good

From this reading “A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.”

dissipation noun US /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

breaking up and scattering by dispersion

From this reading “A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.”

drunkenness noun US /ˈdrʌŋkənnəs/

a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol

From this reading “DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.”

humanity's noun US /hjuːˈmænɪtiz/

possessive form of “humanity” — the quality of being humane

From this reading “"Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.”

increases noun US /ɪnˈkriːsəz/

plural of “increase” — a quantity that is added

From this reading “Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.”

prevalent adjective US /ˈprevələnt/

most frequent or common

From this reading “"Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

common level adjective + noun

In this reading “Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.”

cultivated people adjective + noun

In this reading “A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.”

becomes more verb + adjective counted as “become more”

In this reading “A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.”

come from verb + particle

In this reading “A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

aimsnounUS /eɪmz/

plural of “aim” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

barbarismnounUS /ˈbɑːrbərɪzəm/

a brutal barbarous savage act

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

BeginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

climesnounUS /klaɪmz/

plural of “clime” — the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

cultivatedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltəveɪtɪd/

(of land or fields) prepared for raising crops by plowing or fertilizing

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

depravedadjectiveUS /diˈpreɪvd/

deviating from what is considered moral or right or proper or good

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

depravities

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

diseasenounUS /dɪˈziːz/

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

dissipationnounUS /ˌdɪsɪˈpeɪʃən/

breaking up and scattering by dispersion

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

DRINKSnounUS /drɪŋks/

plural of “drink” — a single serving of a beverage

From this reading DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.

DRUNKENNESSnounUS /ˈdrʌŋkənnəs/

a temporary state resulting from excessive consumption of alcohol

From this reading DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

humanity'snounUS /hjuːˈmænɪtiz/

possessive form of “humanity” — the quality of being humane

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

increasesnounUS /ɪnˈkriːsəz/

plural of “increase” — a quantity that is added

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

individualsnounUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəlz/

plural of “individual” — a human being

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

Intemperancenoun

the quality of being intemperate

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

intoxicants

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

liquornounUS /ˈlɪkər/

an alcoholic beverage that is distilled rather than fermented

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

lowlyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊli/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

MANnounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

notwithstandingadverbUS /ˌnɑːtwɪθˈstændɪŋ/

despite anything to the contrary (usually preceding a concession)

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

perishes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

prevalentadjectiveUS /ˈprevələnt/

most frequent or common

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DRUNKENNESS.--THE DRINKS OF MAN.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Here nations meet, and individuals sink to a common level.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading A lowly people becomes more depraved as the use of liquor increases; a cultivated people passes backward into barbarism with the depravities that come from dissipation.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

vicenounUS /vaɪs/

moral weakness

From this reading "Intemperance has been the vice of every people, and is prevalent in all climes, notwithstanding that intoxicants, properly employed, may serve humanity's highest aims.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Beginning early in the history of a people, the disease increases with the growth of a nation, until, at last, unless the knife is used, civilization perishes.

Chapter 28 of Etidorhpa by John Uri Lloyd holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Etidorhpa contain?

Chapter 28 holds 50 sentences of Etidorhpa, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Etidorhpa by John Uri Lloyd exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Etidorhpa?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Etidorhpa

Common questions about reading Etidorhpa by John Uri Lloyd on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Etidorhpa?

Yes. All 5262 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #37775 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Etidorhpa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #37775, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Etidorhpa take to read?

About 438 minutes of reading across 1053 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Etidorhpa section by section

How to work through Etidorhpa section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Etidorhpa to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Etidorhpa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Etidorhpa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Earth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Etidorhpa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Etidorhpa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Remarkable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Etidorhpa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Journey
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Etidorhpa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.