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Eurasia
Eurasia

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Eurasia is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE WAR DEPARTMENT.
My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.
The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.
Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.
The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eurasia

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Eurasia is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE WAR DEPARTMENT.
/ðə wɔːr dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/
Line 2
My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.
/maɪ nekst trɪp wɑːz tuː ðə wɔːr dɪˈpɑːrtmənt wer aɪ wɑːz ʃoʊn ðə ruːlz ənd ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃənz ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ ðə ˈɑːrmi ənd ˈneɪvi/
Line 3
The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.
/ðə ˈɑːrmi wɑːz ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd ɪn ˈtwentifaɪv kɔːr ʌv ˈeɪti ˈθaʊzənd men iːtʃ bɪˈsaɪdz ðə ˈleɪdiz ˈɑːrmi kɔːr ʌv æn ˈiːkwəl ˈnʌmbər iːtʃ kɔːr kəmˈpoʊzd ʌv θriː dɪˈvɪʒənz ʌv fʊt ˈɪnfəntri ənd wʌn dɪˈvɪʒən ʌv ˈmaʊntəd ˈɪnfəntri/
Line 4
Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.
/iːtʃ dɪˈvɪʒən wɑːz kəmˈpoʊzd ʌv θriː brɪˈɡeɪdz ʌv ˈɪnfəntri wʌn ˈredʒəmənt ʌv ˈʃɑːrpʃuːtərz ənd wʌn ˈredʒəmənt ʌv ɑːrˈtɪləri iːtʃ brəˈɡeɪd ʌv θriː ˈredʒəmənts ənd iːtʃ ˈredʒəmənt ʌv twelv ˈkʌmpəniːz wʌn ˈhʌndrəd ənd ˈfɪfti men iːtʃ/
Line 5
The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.
/ðə ˈkʌmpəniː wɑːz dɪˈvaɪdɪd ˈɪntuː θriː ˈsɑːrdʒənts kəˈmændz ənd ðoʊz ˈɪntuː θriː ˈkɔːrpərəl skwɑːdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brigade noun US /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading “Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.”

brigades noun US /brɪˈɡeɪdz/

plural of “brigade” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading “Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.”

divisions noun US /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading “The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.”

governing adjective US /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading “My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.”

Regulations noun US /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “regulation” — an authoritative rule

From this reading “My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.”

sergeants noun US /ˈsɑːrdʒənts/

plural of “sergeant” — any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal

From this reading “The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.”

sharpshooters noun US /ˈʃɑːrpʃuːtərz/

plural of “sharpshooter” — an athlete noted for accurate aim

From this reading “Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.”

squads noun US /skwɑːdz/

plural of “squad” — a smallest army unit

From this reading “The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

brigadenounUS /brəˈɡeɪd/

army unit smaller than a division

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

brigadesnounUS /brɪˈɡeɪdz/

plural of “brigade” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

commandsnounUS /kəˈmændz/

plural of “command” — an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

companiesnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniːz/

plural of “company” — an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

composedadjectiveUS /kəmˈpoʊzd/

serenely self-possessed and free from agitation especially in times of stress

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

corporalnounUS /ˈkɔːrpərəl/

a noncommissioned officer in the Army or Air Force or Marines

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

corpsnounUS /kɔːr/

an army unit usually consisting of two or more divisions and their support

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

DEPARTMENTnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading THE WAR DEPARTMENT.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

divisionnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒən/

an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

divisionsnounUS /dɪˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “division” — an army unit large enough to sustain combat

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

eightyadjectiveUS /ˈeɪti/

being ten more than seventy

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

governingadjectiveUS /ˈɡʌvərnɪŋ/

responsible for making and enforcing rules and laws

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

ladiesnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

navynounUS /ˈneɪvi/

an organization of military vessels belonging to a country and available for sea warfare

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

organizedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrɡənaɪzd/

formed into a structured or coherent whole, particularly on a large scale

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

regimentsnounUS /ˈredʒəmənts/

plural of “regiment” — army unit smaller than a division

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

RegulationsnounUS /ˌreɡjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “regulation” — an authoritative rule

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

RulesnounUS /ruːlz/

plural of “rule” — a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

sergeantsnounUS /ˈsɑːrdʒənts/

plural of “sergeant” — any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

sharpshootersnounUS /ˈʃɑːrpʃuːtərz/

plural of “sharpshooter” — an athlete noted for accurate aim

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

squadsnounUS /skwɑːdz/

plural of “squad” — a smallest army unit

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WAR DEPARTMENT.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading The company was divided into three sergeants' commands and those into three corporal squads.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

twelvenounUS /twelv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading Each division was composed of three brigades of infantry, one regiment of sharpshooters and one regiment of artillery; each brigade of three regiments and each regiment of twelve companies, one hundred and fifty men each.

twenty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifaɪv/

being five more than twenty

From this reading The army was organized in twenty-five corps of eighty thousand men each, besides the ladies' army corps of an equal number; each corps composed of three divisions of foot infantry and one division of mounted infantry.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE WAR DEPARTMENT.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading My next trip was to the War Department, where I was shown the Rules and Regulations governing the army, and navy.

Chapter 8 of Eurasia by Christopher Evans holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Eurasia contain?

Chapter 8 holds 59 sentences of Eurasia, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Eurasia by Christopher Evans exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Eurasia?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eurasia

Common questions about reading Eurasia by Christopher Evans on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eurasia?

Yes. All 404 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eurasia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2352, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eurasia take to read?

About 33 minutes of reading across 81 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Eurasia section by section

How to work through Eurasia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Eurasia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Eurasia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eurasia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Government
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.