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Eurasia
Eurasia

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Eurasia is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE INCOME TAX.
The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.
All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.
The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.
All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eurasia

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Eurasia is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE INCOME TAX.
/ðə ˈɪnkʌm tæks/
Line 2
The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.
/ðə ˈɪnkʌm tæks wɑːz ə ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd ˈɪnkʌm tæks bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ wɪð ˈpɜːrsənz ˈhævɪŋ ɑːn ˈɪnkʌm wʌn ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɑːlərz ə jɪr ənd əˈbʌv wʌt ðeɪ leɪd aʊt ɪn ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ ðer ˈprɑːpərti/
Line 3
All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.
/ɔːl ˈpɜːrsənz huːz ˈɪnkʌm wɑːz les ðæn wʌn ˈθaʊzənd ˈdɑːlərz peɪd noʊ ˈɪnkʌm tæks/
Line 4
The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.
Line 5
All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crusher noun US /ˈkrʌʃər/

a device that crushes something

From this reading “All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.”

Eurasia noun US /jʊˈreɪʒə/

the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia

From this reading “The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.”

graduated adjective US /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading “The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.”

incomes noun US /ˈɪnkʌmz/

plural of “income” — the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading “The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.”

Jay noun US /dʒeɪ/

United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)

From this reading “The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.”

maintaining verb US /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.”

Rockefellers noun US /ˈrɑːkəfelərz/

plural of “rockefeller” — United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)

From this reading “The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.”

surplus noun US /ˈsɜːrpləs/

a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading “The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

crushernounUS /ˈkrʌʃər/

a device that crushes something

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

DistrictnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

dollarsnounUS /ˈdɑːlərz/

plural of “dollar” — the basic monetary unit in many countries; equal to 100 cents

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

EurasianounUS /jʊˈreɪʒə/

the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

expensesnounUS /ɪkˈspensəz/

plural of “expense” — amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

FundnounUS /fʌnd/

a reserve of money set aside for some purpose

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

Goulds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

graduatedadjectiveUS /ˈɡrædʒuːeɪtɪd/

marked with or divided into degrees

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

improvingadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvɪŋ/

getting higher or more vigorous

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

INCOMEnounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading THE INCOME TAX.

incomesnounUS /ˈɪnkʌmz/

plural of “income” — the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

increasingadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkriːsɪŋ/

becoming greater or larger

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

JaynounUS /dʒeɪ/

United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.

macadamized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

maintainingverbUS /meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “maintain” — cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

ownernounUS /ˈoʊnər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

personsnounUS /ˈpɜːrsənz/

plural of “person” — a human being

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

policynounUS /ˈpɑːləsi/

a plan of action adopted by an individual or social group

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

roadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

RockefellersnounUS /ˈrɑːkəfelərz/

plural of “rockefeller” — United States industrialist who made a fortune in the oil business and gave half of it away (1839-1937)

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

surplusnounUS /ˈsɜːrpləs/

a quantity much larger than is needed

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

TAXverbUS /tæks/

levy a tax on

From this reading THE INCOME TAX.

taxesnounUS /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE INCOME TAX.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

triflingnounUS /ˈtraɪflɪŋ/

the deliberate act of delaying and playing instead of working

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

twenty-fiveadjectiveUS /ˈtwentifaɪv/

being five more than twenty

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All money received from land and income taxes went into the District Fund for the expenses of the district and schools, and building and maintaining of good, macadamized roads, for every district had a rock crusher from which the roads were supplied with broken stone at a trifling expense to the district.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading All persons whose income was less than one thousand dollars paid no income tax.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading The tax was one per cent. on one thousand dollars, the rate increasing with the amount of income up to fifty thousand dollars a year, when it was fifty per cent., leaving the owner twenty-five thousand dollars, and for all incomes over fifty thousand dollars a year the surplus over twenty-five thousand dollars went to the Government and as a result of this wise policy there were no Jay Goulds or J. D. Rockefellers in Eurasia.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The income tax was a graduated income tax beginning with persons having on income one thousand dollars a year and above what they laid out in improving their property.

Chapter 11 of Eurasia by Christopher Evans holds 5 sentences, grouped into 1 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Eurasia contain?

Chapter 11 holds 5 sentences of Eurasia, unabridged, divided into 1 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Eurasia by Christopher Evans exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 5 sentences, grouped into 1 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Eurasia?

Work through the 1 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 1 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eurasia

Common questions about reading Eurasia by Christopher Evans on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eurasia?

Yes. All 404 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eurasia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2352, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eurasia take to read?

About 33 minutes of reading across 81 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Eurasia section by section

How to work through Eurasia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Eurasia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Eurasia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eurasia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Government
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.