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Eurasia
Eurasia

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Eurasia is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.
I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.
The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.
The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.
The money for the fund had to be paid monthly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Eurasia

Chapter XV · Chapter 15

Chapter 15 of Eurasia is here in full — 17 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.
/juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈwɜːrkərz ʌv jʊˈreɪʒə/
Line 2
I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.
/aɪ wɑːz ˌɪntrəˈduːst tuː ðə ˈprezədent ʌv ðə juːˈnaɪtɪd ˈwɜːrkərz ʌv jʊˈreɪʒə ənd hiː toʊld miː ðæt ɔːl ðə ˈwɜːrkɪŋ men ənd ˈwɪmən wɜːr juːˈnaɪtɪd ɪn wʌn ɡreɪt ˈjuːnjən ənd ðæt ðə ˈprezənt ˈmɪnəstər ʌv ˈleɪbər wɑːz ə ˈleɪdi huː fɔːr jɪrz hæd ˈtʃæmpiənd ðə kɑːz ʌv ˈleɪbər ənd ðæt ʃiː wɑːz ənˈsiːsɪŋ ɪn hɜːr ˈefərts tuː ˈbetər ðer kənˈdɪʃən naʊ ðæt ʃiː wɑːz æt ðə hed ʌv ðə dɪˈpɑːrtmənt ʌv ˈleɪbər/
Line 3
The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.
/ðə ˈweɪdʒəz ʌv ɔːl ˈɡʌvərmənt emˈplɔɪiz wɜːr fɪkst baɪ lɔː ənd kʊd nɑːt biː reɪzd ɔːr ˈloʊərd ɪkˈsept baɪ ə ˌtuːˈθɜːrdz voʊt ʌv ðə ˈpiːpəl ənd ˈoʊnli wʌn bɪl frʌm iːtʃ dɪˈpɑːrtmənt kʊd biː səbˈmɪtɪd baɪ ðə ˈpɑːrləmənt tuː ðə ˈpiːpəl tuː voʊt ɑːn æt iːtʃ ɪˈlekʃən soʊ ðæt ɡræft ənd kərˈʌpt ˈpræktəsəz kʊd ɡeɪn noʊ ˈfʊtɪŋ baɪ əˈpiːlɪŋ tuː ˈselfɪʃ ˈɪntrəsts/
Line 4
The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.
Line 5
The money for the fund had to be paid monthly.
/ðə ˈmʌni fɔːr ðə fʌnd hæd tuː biː peɪd ˈmʌnθli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

championed verb US /ˈtʃæmpiənd/

past form of “champion” — protect or fight for as a champion

From this reading “I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.”

employees noun US /emˈplɔɪiz/

plural of “employee” — a worker who is hired to perform a job

From this reading “The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.”

eurasia noun US /jʊˈreɪʒə/

the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia

From this reading “UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.”

graft noun US /ɡræft/

(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient

From this reading “The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.”

liability noun US /ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/

the state of being legally obliged and responsible

From this reading “The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.”

payable adjective US /ˈpeɪəbəl/

subject to or requiring payment especially as specified

From this reading “The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.”

two-thirds noun US /ˌtuːˈθɜːrdz/

two of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading “The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.”

unceasing adjective US /ənˈsiːsɪŋ/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading “I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

appealingadjectiveUS /əˈpiːlɪŋ/

able to attract interest or draw favorable attention

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

billnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

championedverbUS /ˈtʃæmpiənd/

past form of “champion” — protect or fight for as a champion

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

corruptverbUS /kərˈʌpt/

corrupt morally or by intemperance or sensuality

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

DepartmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

electionnounUS /ɪˈlekʃən/

a vote to select the winner of a position or political office

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

employeesnounUS /emˈplɔɪiz/

plural of “employee” — a worker who is hired to perform a job

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

employersnounUS /emˈplɔɪərz/

plural of “employer” — a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

EURASIAnounUS /jʊˈreɪʒə/

the land mass formed by the continents of Europe and Asia

From this reading UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

fixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

footingnounUS /ˈfʊtɪŋ/

status with respect to the relations between people or groups

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

fundnounUS /fʌnd/

a reserve of money set aside for some purpose

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

graftnounUS /ɡræft/

(surgery) tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to a recipient; in some cases the patient can be both donor and recipient

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

injuriesnounUS /ˈɪndʒəriz/

plural of “injury” — any physical damage to the body caused by violence or accident or fracture etc.

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

LabornounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

liabilitynounUS /ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/

the state of being legally obliged and responsible

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

loweredadjectiveUS /ˈloʊərd/

below the surround or below the normal position

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

MinisternounUS /ˈmɪnəstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading The money for the fund had to be paid monthly.

monthlynounUS /ˈmʌnθli/

a periodical that is published every month (or 12 issues per year)

From this reading The money for the fund had to be paid monthly.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

one-halfnoun

one of two equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading The money for the fund had to be paid monthly.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

payableadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪəbəl/

subject to or requiring payment especially as specified

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

practicesnounUS /ˈpræktəsəz/

plural of “practice” — a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

PresidentnounUS /ˈprezədent/

an executive officer of a firm or corporation

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

selfishadjectiveUS /ˈselfɪʃ/

concerned chiefly or only with yourself and your advantage to the exclusion of others

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

sicknessnounUS /ˈsɪknəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading The law provided a liability fund for sickness, injuries and death among working men and women; one-half of the fund payable by the working men and women and the other half by the employers.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

two-thirdsnounUS /ˌtuːˈθɜːrdz/

two of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

unceasingadjectiveUS /ənˈsiːsɪŋ/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

unionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

UNITEDadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.

votenounUS /voʊt/

a choice that is made by counting the number of people in favor of each alternative

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

wagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading The wages of all Government employees were fixed by law and could not be raised or lowered except by a two-thirds vote of the people, and only one bill from each department could be submitted by the Parliament to the people to vote on at each election, so that graft and corrupt practices could gain no footing by appealing to selfish interests.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

WORKERSnounUS /ˈwɜːrkərz/

plural of “worker” — a person who works at a specific occupation

From this reading UNITED WORKERS OF EURASIA.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading I was introduced to the President of the United Workers of Eurasia and he told me that all the working men and women were united in one great union and that the present Minister of Labor was a lady who for years had championed the cause of Labor and that she was unceasing in her efforts to better their condition now that she was at the head of the Department of Labor.

Chapter 15 of Eurasia by Christopher Evans holds 17 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 15 of Eurasia contain?

Chapter 15 holds 17 sentences of Eurasia, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 15 of Eurasia by Christopher Evans exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 17 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 15 of Eurasia?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 15 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 15 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Eurasia

Common questions about reading Eurasia by Christopher Evans on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Eurasia?

Yes. All 404 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Eurasia is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2352, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Eurasia take to read?

About 33 minutes of reading across 81 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Eurasia section by section

How to work through Eurasia section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Eurasia to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Eurasia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Eurasia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Government
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
People
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Eurasia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.