Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Europe and elsewhere
Europe and elsewhere

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Europe and elsewhere is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Europe and elsewhere
Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.
There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.
It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.
It has stood there some 1,600 years.
Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Europe and elsewhere

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Europe and elsewhere is here in full — 437 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.
Line 2
There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.
/ðer ɪz pɑːrt ʌv ə smɔːl ˈroʊmən ˈtempəl ðer ɪz pɑːrt ʌv ə ˈroʊmən bæθ ðer ɪz ə ˈɡreɪsfəl ənd ˈbætərd ˈroʊmən ɑːrtʃ/
Line 3
It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.
Line 4
It has stood there some 1,600 years.
Line 5
Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.
/ɪts ˈnɪrəst ˈneɪbər nɑːt ˈtwenti steps əˈweɪ ɪz ə ˈkæθlɪk tʃɜːrtʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battered adjective US /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading “There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.”

constructions noun US /kənˈstrʌkʃənz/

plural of “construction” — the act of constructing something

From this reading “As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.”

dwellers noun US /ˈdwelərz/

plural of “dweller” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading “As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.”

handiwork noun US /ˈhændiwɜːrk/

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading “As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.”

magnolia noun US /mæɡˈnoʊljə/

dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine

From this reading “It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.”

neighbor noun US /ˈneɪbər/

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading “Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.”

odds noun US /ɑːdz/

the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring

From this reading “As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.”

suggestive adjective US /səˈdʒestɪv/

tending to suggest or imply

From this reading “It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

twenty steps noun + noun

In this reading “Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.”

stood there verb + particle

In this reading “It has stood there some 1,600 years.”

stands on verb + particle counted as “stand on”

In this reading “It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1,600

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has stood there some 1,600 years.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

archnounUS /ɑːrtʃ/

a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

bathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

batteredadjectiveUS /ˈbætərd/

damaged by blows or hard usage

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

CatholicadjectiveUS /ˈkæθlɪk/

of or relating to or supporting Catholicism

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

constructionsnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃənz/

plural of “construction” — the act of constructing something

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

dwellersnounUS /ˈdwelərz/

plural of “dweller” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

endsnounUS /endz/

plural of “end” — either extremity of something that has length

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

handiworknounUS /ˈhændiwɜːrk/

a work produced by hand labor

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has stood there some 1,600 years.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

lakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

magnolianounUS /mæɡˈnoʊljə/

dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

nearestadverbUS /ˈnɪrəst/

(superlative of “near” or “close”) within the shortest distance

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

neighbornounUS /ˈneɪbər/

a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

oddsnounUS /ɑːdz/

the likelihood of a thing occurring rather than not occurring

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

regionnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

remoter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

resultnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading It has stood there some 1,600 years.

suggestiveadjectiveUS /səˈdʒestɪv/

tending to suggest or imply

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As a result, nothing is left of the handiwork of the remoter inhabitants of the region except the constructions of the lake dwellers and some Roman odds and ends.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is part of a small Roman temple, there is part of a Roman bath, there is a graceful and battered Roman arch.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

turfy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading Its nearest neighbor, not twenty steps away, is a Catholic church.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It stands on a turfy level over the way from the present great bath house, is surrounded by magnolia trees, and is both a picturesque and suggestive object.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It has stood there some 1,600 years.

Chapter 4 of Europe and elsewhere by Mark Twain holds 437 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Europe and elsewhere contain?

Chapter 4 holds 437 sentences of Europe and elsewhere, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Europe and elsewhere by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 437 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Europe and elsewhere?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Europe and elsewhere

Common questions about reading Europe and elsewhere by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Europe and elsewhere?

Yes. All 5090 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68604 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Europe and elsewhere is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68604, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Europe and elsewhere take to read?

About 424 minutes of reading across 1018 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Europe and elsewhere section by section

How to work through Europe and elsewhere section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Europe and elsewhere to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Europe and elsewhere

Words and structures a reader meets early in Europe and elsewhere, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe and elsewhere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cannot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe and elsewhere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Represent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe and elsewhere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe and elsewhere; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.