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Europe Revised
Europe Revised

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Europe Revised is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.
In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.
The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.
As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!
There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Europe Revised

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Europe Revised is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.
/drest tuː kɪl wɪð ʌs ɪt ɪz ðə dres ʌv ðə ˈwɪmən ðæt ɡɪvz laɪf ənd ˈkʌlər tuː ðə ˈʃɪftɪŋ ʃoʊ ʌv striːt laɪf/
Line 2
In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.
/ɪn ˈjʊrəp ɪt ɪz ðə ˈsoʊldʒər ənd ɪn ˈɪŋɡlənd ðə ˈpraɪvət ˈsoʊldʒər ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/
Line 3
The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.
Line 4
As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!
Line 5
There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

blemish noun US /ˈblemɪʃ/

a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body)

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

dinky adjective US /ˈdɪŋki/

small and unimpressive

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

flirting noun US /ˈflɜːrtɪŋ/

playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

limber adjective US /ˈlɪmbər/

(used of e.g. personality traits) readily adaptable

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

snappy adjective US /ˈsnæpi/

apt to speak irritably

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

swagger verb US /ˈswæɡər/

to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

Whitehall noun US /ˈwaɪthɔːl/

a wide street in London stretching from Trafalgar Square to the Houses of Parliament; site of many government offices

From this reading “There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.”

wrinkle verb US /ˈrɪŋkəl/

gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; pucker

From this reading “The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

Atkins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

blemishnounUS /ˈblemɪʃ/

a mark or flaw that spoils the appearance of something (especially on a person's body)

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

brightadjectiveUS /braɪt/

emitting or reflecting light readily or in large amounts

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

dinkyadjectiveUS /ˈdɪŋki/

small and unimpressive

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

DressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

dry-cleanser's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

first-classadjectiveUS /ˌfɜːrstˈklæs/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

fitsnounUS /fɪts/

plural of “fit” — a display of bad temper

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

flirtingnounUS /ˈflɜːrtɪŋ/

playful behavior intended to arouse sexual interest

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

foot-guards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

horse-guards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

khaki-clad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

KillverbUS /kɪl/

cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

limberadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmbər/

(used of e.g. personality traits) readily adaptable

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

matchverbUS /mætʃ/

be compatible, similar or consistent; coincide in their characteristics

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

ParknounUS /pɑːrk/

a large area of land preserved in its natural state as public property

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

picturenounUS /ˈpɪktʃər/

a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

regularadjectiveUS /ˈreɡjələr/

in accordance with fixed order or procedure or principle

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

service-hatted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

shiftingadjectiveUS /ˈʃɪftɪŋ/

continuously varying

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

snappyadjectiveUS /ˈsnæpi/

apt to speak irritably

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

soldiernounUS /ˈsoʊldʒər/

an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading In Europe it is the soldier, and in England the private soldier particularly.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

swaggerverbUS /ˈswæɡər/

to walk with a lofty proud gait, often in an attempt to impress others

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

tiltedadjectiveUS /ˈtɪltɪd/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

Tommy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

tunicnounUS /ˈtuːnɪk/

an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

wavenounUS /weɪv/

one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

WhitehallnounUS /ˈwaɪthɔːl/

a wide street in London stretching from Trafalgar Square to the Houses of Parliament; site of many government offices

From this reading There may be something finer in the way of a military spectacle than the change of horse-guards at Whitehall or the march of the foot-guards across the green in St. James' Park on a fine, bright morning--but I do not know what it is.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Dressed to Kill With us it is the dress of the women that gives life and color to the shifting show of street life.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

wrinkleverbUS /ˈrɪŋkəl/

gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; pucker

From this reading The German private soldier is too stiff, and the French private soldier is too limber, and the Italian private soldier has been away from the dry-cleanser's too long; but the British Tommy Atkins is a perfect piece of work--what with his dinky cap tilted over one eye, and his red tunic that fits him without blemish or wrinkle, and his snappy little swagger stick flirting the air.

YankeenounUS /ˈjæŋki/

an American who lives in the North (especially during the American Civil War)

From this reading As a picture of a first-class fighting man I know of but one to match him, and that is a khaki-clad, service-hatted Yankee regular--long may he wave!

Chapter 11 of Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Europe Revised contain?

Chapter 11 holds 121 sentences of Europe Revised, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Europe Revised?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Europe Revised

Common questions about reading Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Europe Revised?

Yes. All 3565 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4551 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Europe Revised is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4551, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Europe Revised take to read?

About 297 minutes of reading across 713 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Europe Revised section by section

How to work through Europe Revised section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Europe Revised to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Europe Revised

Words and structures a reader meets early in Europe Revised, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Foreword
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Always
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seemed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.