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Europe Revised
Europe Revised

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Europe Revised is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.
I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.
It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.
To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.
It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Europe Revised

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of Europe Revised is here in full — 125 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/25 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.
Line 2
I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.
Line 3
It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.
Line 4
To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.
Line 5
It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.
/ɪt prəˈvaɪdɪd ə moʊst ˈpliːzɪŋ fɔːrˈteɪst ʌv wʌt wɑːz tuː kʌm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

biggest adjective US /ˈbɪɡəst/

superlative of “big” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading “I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.”

conjure verb US /ˈkɑːndʒər/

summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading “I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.”

foretaste noun US /fɔːrˈteɪst/

an early limited awareness of something yet to occur

From this reading “It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.”

illusion noun US /ˌɪˈluːʒən/

an erroneous mental representation

From this reading “I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.”

Naples noun US /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading “It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.”

privileged adjective US /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading “I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.”

roundabout adjective US /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading “To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.”

spending noun US /ˈspendɪŋ/

the act of spending or disbursing money

From this reading “It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

biggestadjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡəst/

superlative of “big” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.

complimentverbUS /ˈkɑːmpləment/

say something to someone that expresses praise

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

conjureverbUS /ˈkɑːndʒər/

summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

distinctlyadverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋktli/

clear to the mind; with distinct mental discernment

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

foretastenounUS /fɔːrˈteɪst/

an early limited awareness of something yet to occur

From this reading It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

harborverbUS /ˈhɑːrbər/

maintain (a theory, thoughts, or feelings)

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

illusionnounUS /ˌɪˈluːʒən/

an erroneous mental representation

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

MoreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

MostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

NaplesnounUS /ˈneɪpəlz/

a port and tourist center in southwestern Italy; capital of the Campania region

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

OnesnounUS /wʌnz/

plural of “one” — the smallest whole number or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.

Pompeiinoun

ancient city to the southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

privilegedadjectiveUS /ˈprɪvlədʒd/

blessed with privileges

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

providedverbUS /prəˈvaɪdɪd/

past form of “provide” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading It provided a most pleasing foretaste of what was to come.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

roundaboutadjectiveUS /ˈraʊndəbaʊt/

marked by obliqueness or indirection in speech or conduct

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

RuinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

spendingnounUS /ˈspendɪŋ/

the act of spending or disbursing money

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

StilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading I could conjure up an illusion there--the biggest, most vivid illusion I have been privileged to harbor since I was a small boy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Still More Ruins, Mostly Italian Ones When I reached Pompeii the situation was different.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading To reach Pompeii from Naples we followed a somewhat roundabout route; and that trip was distinctly worth while too.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading It was worth spending four days in Naples for the sake of spending half a day in Pompeii; and if you know Naples you will readily understand what a high compliment that is for Pompeii.

Chapter 22 of Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb holds 125 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of Europe Revised contain?

Chapter 22 holds 125 sentences of Europe Revised, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 125 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of Europe Revised?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Europe Revised

Common questions about reading Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Europe Revised?

Yes. All 3562 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4551 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Europe Revised is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4551, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Europe Revised take to read?

About 296 minutes of reading across 713 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Europe Revised section by section

How to work through Europe Revised section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Europe Revised to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Europe Revised

Words and structures a reader meets early in Europe Revised, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Foreword
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Always
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seemed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.