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Europe Revised
Europe Revised

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Europe Revised is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
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Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.
I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.
Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.
Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.
Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Europe Revised

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Europe Revised is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.
Line 2
I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.
Line 3
Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.
/ˈpɜːrsənəli aɪ θɪŋk ðer hæz bɪn ɪnˈtaɪərli tuː mʌtʃ ʌv ðɪs sɔːrt ʌv θɪŋ ˈɡoʊɪŋ ɑːn ˈleɪtli/
Line 4
Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.
Line 5
Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.
/θæŋks tuː ðer ˈmedəlsəm ækˈtɪvətiz wiː noʊ ðæt pɔːl rɪˈvɪr dɪd nɑːt teɪk ˈeni ˈmɪdnaɪt raɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

idols noun US /ˈaɪdəlz/

plural of “idol” — a material effigy that is worshipped

From this reading “Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.”

legendary adjective US /ˈledʒənderi/

so celebrated as to having taken on the nature of a legend

From this reading “Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.”

meddlesome adjective US /ˈmedəlsəm/

intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner

From this reading “Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.”

Muckraking noun US /ˈmʌkreɪkɪŋ/

the exposure of scandal (especially about public figures)

From this reading “Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.”

prying noun US /ˈpraɪɪŋ/

offensive inquisitiveness

From this reading “Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.”

Revere verb US /rɪˈvɪr/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading “Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.”

storied adjective US /ˈstɔːrid/

having an illustrious past

From this reading “Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.”

topple verb US /ˈtɑːpəl/

fall down, as if collapsing

From this reading “Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most popular adverb + adjective

In this reading “Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.”

take any verb + adjective

In this reading “Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.”

think there verb + particle

In this reading “Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

activitiesnounUS /ækˈtɪvətiz/

plural of “activity” — any specific behavior

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

devolves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

entirelyadverbUS /ɪnˈtaɪərli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

idolsnounUS /ˈaɪdəlz/

plural of “idol” — a material effigy that is worshipped

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

legendaryadjectiveUS /ˈledʒənderi/

so celebrated as to having taken on the nature of a legend

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

lorenounUS /lɔːr/

knowledge gained through tradition or anecdote

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

meddlesomeadjectiveUS /ˈmedəlsəm/

intrusive in a meddling or offensive manner

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

Muckrakers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

MuckrakingnounUS /ˈmʌkreɪkɪŋ/

the exposure of scandal (especially about public figures)

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

pedestalnounUS /ˈpedəstəl/

a support or foundation

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

PersonallyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrsənəli/

as yourself

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

petnounUS /pet/

a domesticated animal kept for companionship or amusement

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

Pompeiinoun

ancient city to the southeast of Naples that was buried by a volcanic eruption from Vesuvius

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

popularadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːpjələr/

regarded with great favor, approval, or affection especially by the general public

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

pryingnounUS /ˈpraɪɪŋ/

offensive inquisitiveness

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

referverbUS /rəˈfɜːr/

make reference to

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

regretverbUS /rəˈɡret/

feel remorse for; feel sorry for; be contrite about

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

RevereverbUS /rɪˈvɪr/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

sentrynounUS /ˈsentri/

a person employed to keep watch for some anticipated event

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

storiedadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrid/

having an illustrious past

From this reading Muckrakers, prying into the storied past, have destroyed one after another many of the pet characters in history.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

ThanksnounUS /θæŋks/

an acknowledgment of appreciation

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Personally I think there has been entirely too much of this sort of thing going on lately.

toppleverbUS /ˈtɑːpəl/

fall down, as if collapsing

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Thanks to their meddlesome activities we know that Paul Revere did not take any midnight ride.

widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/

to a great degree

From this reading I refer, I regret to say, to the widely famous Roman sentry of old Pompeii.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Muckraking in Old Pompeii It now devolves on me as a painful yet necessary duty to topple from its pedestal one of the most popular idols of legendary lore.

Chapter 23 of Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Europe Revised contain?

Chapter 23 holds 55 sentences of Europe Revised, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Europe Revised?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Europe Revised

Common questions about reading Europe Revised by Irvin S. (Irvin Shrewsbury) Cobb on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Europe Revised?

Yes. All 3562 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4551 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Europe Revised is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4551, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Europe Revised take to read?

About 296 minutes of reading across 713 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Europe Revised section by section

How to work through Europe Revised section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 25 chapters of Europe Revised to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Europe Revised

Words and structures a reader meets early in Europe Revised, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Foreword
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Always
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seemed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Europe Revised; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.