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Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business
Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.
A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.
With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.
Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.
BY ANDREW MORETON, Esq.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business is here in full — 199 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.
Line 2
A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.
Line 3
With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.
/wɪð ˈdaɪvərz ˈʌðər hɪnts ʌv ɡreɪt juːs tuː ðə ˈpʌblɪk/
Line 4
Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.
/ˈhʌmbli səbˈmɪtɪd ðə kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən ʌv ˈaʊər ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər ənd ðə ˈkerfəl pərˈuːzəl ʌv ɔːl ˈmæstərz ənd ˈmɪstrəsəz ʌv ˈfæməliz/
Line 5
BY ANDREW MORETON, Esq.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Amendment noun US /əˈmendmənt/

the act of amending or correcting

From this reading “A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.”

exorbitant adjective US /ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading “In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.”

industrious adjective US /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading “A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.”

Legislature noun US /ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər/

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading “Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.”

Mistresses noun US /ˈmɪstrəsəz/

plural of “mistress” — an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading “Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.”

Perusal noun US /pərˈuːzəl/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading “Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.”

substituting noun US /ˈsʌbstɪtuːtɪŋ/

working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence

From this reading “A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.”

Vermin noun US /ˈvɜːrmɪn/

an irritating or obnoxious person

From this reading “A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

AmendmentnounUS /əˈmendmənt/

the act of amending or correcting

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

ANDREWnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading BY ANDREW MORETON, Esq.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading BY ANDREW MORETON, Esq.

cnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

clearingnounUS /ˈklɪrɪŋ/

a tract of land with few or no trees in the middle of a wooded area

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

ConsiderationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

diversadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪvərz/

many and different

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

Esqnoun

a title of respect for a member of the English gentry ranking just below a knight; placed after the name

From this reading BY ANDREW MORETON, Esq.

exorbitantadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɔːrbɪtənt/

greatly exceeding bounds of reason or moderation

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

FamiliesnounUS /ˈfæməliz/

plural of “family” — a social unit living together

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

Footmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

HintsnounUS /hɪnts/

plural of “hint” — an indirect suggestion

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

HumblyadverbUS /ˈhʌmbli/

in a humble manner

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

InsolencenounUS /ˈɪnsələns/

the trait of being rude and impertinent; inclined to take liberties

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

LegislaturenounUS /ˈledʒəsleɪtʃər/

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

MastersnounUS /ˈmæstərz/

United States poet (1869-1950)

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

MistressesnounUS /ˈmɪstrəsəz/

plural of “mistress” — an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

MORETON

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading BY ANDREW MORETON, Esq.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

PerusalnounUS /pərˈuːzəl/

reading carefully with intent to remember

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

PridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

ProposalnounUS /prəˈpoʊzəl/

something proposed (such as a plan or assumption)

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

PublicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

ServantsnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənts/

plural of “servant” — a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

Shoe-Cleaners

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

starveverbUS /stɑːrv/

be hungry; go without food

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

steadnounUS /sted/

the post or function properly or customarily occupied or served by another

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

StreetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Humbly submitted the Consideration of our Legislature, and the careful Perusal of all Masters and Mistresses of Families.

substitutingnounUS /ˈsʌbstɪtuːtɪŋ/

working as a substitute for someone who is ill or on leave of absence

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

ThousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

UsenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

VerminnounUS /ˈvɜːrmɪn/

an irritating or obnoxious person

From this reading A Proposal for Amendment of the same; as also for clearing the Streets of those Vermin called Shoe-Cleaners, and substituting in their stead many Thousands of industrious Poor, now ready to starve.

WagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With divers other Hints of great Use to the Public.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading In the Pride, Insolence, and exorbitant Wages of our Women, Servants, Footmen, &c.

Chapter 1 of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business by Daniel Defoe holds 199 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business contain?

Chapter 1 holds 199 sentences of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business by Daniel Defoe exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 199 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business

Common questions about reading Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business by Daniel Defoe on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business?

Yes. All 199 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2052 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2052, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business take to read?

About 16 minutes of reading across 40 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business

Words and structures a reader meets early in Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pride
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Insolence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Exorbitant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Everybody's Business Is Nobody's Business; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.