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Exploration of Aïr
Exploration of Aïr

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Exploration of Aïr is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Angus Buchanan • Curated US English Learning Edition
Cover illustration for Exploration of Aïr
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.
| | Second Impression.
| | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.
| | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.
Second Impression.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Exploration of Aïr

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Exploration of Aïr is here in full — 50 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.
/baɪ ðə seɪm ˈɔːθər waɪld laɪf ɪn ˈkænədə wɪð ˈnuːmərəs ˈfoʊtəɡræfs baɪ ðə ˈɔːθər/
Line 2
| | Second Impression.
/ˈsekənd ˌɪmˈpreʃən/
Line 3
| | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.
Line 4
| | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.
/ˈɪləstreɪtəd baɪ ˈfoʊtəɡræfs ənd ˈdrɔːɪŋz frʌm ðə ˈɔːθər/
Line 5
Second Impression.
/ˈsekənd ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

africa noun US /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading “| | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
canada noun US /ˈkænədə/

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

From this reading “+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Drawings noun US /ˈdrɔːɪŋz/

plural of “drawing” — an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading “| | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Foreword noun US /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “| | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Illustrated verb US /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading “| | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Impression noun US /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading “| | Second Impression.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
numerous adjective US /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading “+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Photographs noun US /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading “+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.”

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

THREE YEARS noun + noun

In this reading “| | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.”

21,834 times in 426,212 chapters
Illustrated by verb + particle counted as “illustrate by”

In this reading “| | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.”

3,433 times in 426,212 chapters
by the Author preposition + article + noun counted as “by … author”

In this reading “+-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.”

2,404 times in 426,212 chapters

All words in this reading · 27

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
AFRICAnounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/

the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading | | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
CANADAnounUS /ˈkænədə/

a nation in northern North America; the French were the first Europeans to settle in mainland Canada

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
Cranworth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

Pending verification
DrawingsnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋz/

plural of “drawing” — an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading | | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
EASTnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ForewordnounUS /ˈfɔːrwɜːrd/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading | | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
IllustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading | | Illustrated by Photographs and Drawings from the | | Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
ImpressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading | | Second Impression.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
PhotographsnounUS /ˈfoʊtəɡræfs/

plural of “photograph” — a representation of a person or scene in the form of a print or transparent slide or in digital format

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
SameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

Velmora curated lexicon
SecondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading | | Second Impression.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
THREEnounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
WILDadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1
WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading +-----------------------------------------------------------+ | | | _--By the Same Author--_ | | | | WILD LIFE IN CANADA | | | | With numerous Photographs by the Author.

Velmora grammar entry · CMU Pronouncing Dictionary
YEARSnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading | | | | THREE YEARS OF WAR IN EAST AFRICA | | | | With a Foreword by Lord Cranworth.

CMU Pronouncing Dictionary · Princeton WordNet 3.1

Chapter 1 of Exploration of Aïr by Angus Buchanan holds 50 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Exploration of Aïr contain?

Chapter 1 holds 50 sentences of Exploration of Aïr, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Exploration of Aïr by Angus Buchanan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 50 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Exploration of Aïr?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Exploration of Aïr

Common questions about reading Exploration of Aïr by Angus Buchanan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Exploration of Aïr?

Yes. All 1695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Exploration of Aïr is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Exploration of Aïr take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Exploration of Aïr section by section

How to work through Exploration of Aïr section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Exploration of Aïr to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Exploration of Aïr

Words and structures a reader meets early in Exploration of Aïr, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Canada
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Numerous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Photographs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.