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Exploration of Aïr
Exploration of Aïr

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Exploration of Aïr is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
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THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.
I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.
And they are strange peoplethe strangest race I have ever come in contact with independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.
If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.
While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Exploration of Aïr

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Exploration of Aïr is here in full — 60 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.
Line 2
I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.
Line 3
And they are strange peoplethe strangest race I have ever come in contact withindependent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.
Line 4
If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.
Line 5
While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.
/waɪl ˈfɜːrðər ɪt meɪ biː wel tuː rɪˈmɛm.bər ðæt ðeɪ ɑːr ðə ˈremnənt dɪˈsendənts ʌv ə reɪs ðæt wɑːz wʌns ˈkræfti ənd ˈeɪbəl ɪn wɔːr ˌɪnˈdiːd ˈiːvɪn ɪn ðə ˈprezənt deɪ ðeɪ kənˈsɪdər ðemˈselvz ðə ərˈɪstəkræts ʌv ðə lænd ənd lʊk daʊn wɪð ˈskersli veɪld kənˈtempt ɑːn ɔːl ˈniːɡroʊ traɪbz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aristocrats noun US /ərˈɪstəkræts/

plural of “aristocrat” — a member of the aristocracy

From this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

concluding adjective US /kənˈkluːdɪŋ/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading “THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.”

crafty adjective US /ˈkræfti/

marked by skill in deception

From this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

descendants noun US /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

remnant noun US /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

strangest adjective US /ˈstreɪndʒɪst/

superlative of “strange” — being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading “And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.”

unscrupulous adjective US /ənˈskruːpjələs/

without scruples or principles

From this reading “And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.”

veiled adjective US /veɪld/

having or as if having a veil or concealing cover

From this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

in contact preposition + noun

In this reading “And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.”

look down verb + adjective

In this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

present day verb + noun

In this reading “While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.”

in the world preposition + article + noun counted as “in … world”

In this reading “And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.”

present time verb + noun

In this reading “I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

5,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

all-importantadjective

of the greatest importance

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

aristocratsnounUS /ərˈɪstəkræts/

plural of “aristocrat” — a member of the aristocracy

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

aughtnounUS /ɔːt/

a quantity of no importance

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

AÏR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

camel-riders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

conceiveverbUS /kənˈsiːv/

have the idea for

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

concludingadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdɪŋ/

occurring at or forming an end or termination

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

craftyadjectiveUS /ˈkræfti/

marked by skill in deception

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

descendantsnounUS /dɪˈsendənts/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

fitverbUS /fɪt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

haughtyadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːti/

having or showing arrogant superiority to and disdain of those one views as unworthy

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

independentadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/

free from external control and constraint

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

inhabitantsnounUS /ɪnˈhæbətənts/

plural of “inhabitant” — a person who inhabits a particular place

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

judgeverbUS /dʒʌdʒ/

determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

lazyadjectiveUS /ˈleɪzi/

moving slowly and gently

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

leisurenounUS /ˈleʒər/

time available for ease and relaxation

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

narrativenounUS /ˈnærətɪv/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

realiseverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪz/

earn on some commercial or business transaction; earn as salary or wages

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

remnantnounUS /ˈremnənt/

a small part or portion that remains after the main part no longer exists

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

remoteadjectiveUS /rɪˈmoʊt/

located far away spatially

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

scarcelyadverbUS /ˈskersli/

only a very short time before

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

strangestadjectiveUS /ˈstreɪndʒɪst/

superlative of “strange” — being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

surroundingsnounUS /sərˈaʊndɪŋz/

the environmental condition

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

travellersnounUS /ˈtrævələrz/

plural of “traveller” — a person who changes location

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

TUAREGS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

unscrupulousadjectiveUS /ənˈskruːpjələs/

without scruples or principles

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading I have said elsewhere that the total population of Aïr at the present time is made up of 5,000 Tuaregs.

veiledadjectiveUS /veɪld/

having or as if having a veil or concealing cover

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While, further, it may be well to remember that they are the remnant descendants of a race that was once crafty and able in war; indeed, even in the present day, they consider themselves the aristocrats of the land, and look down with scarcely veiled contempt on all negro tribes.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading If one is to judge these Tuaregs fairly, one must try to conceive their surroundings and realise the all-important fact that they are practically wild people in a wild land that lies remote and unknown, and that they have had no advantages to influence them to be aught but wholly primitive.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading THE TUAREGS OF AÏR Before concluding this narrative I would like to make brief reference to the native inhabitants of Aïr.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading And they are strange people—the strangest race I have ever come in contact with— independent, haughty, daring, unscrupulous, and lazy in leisure, yet fit to rank among the finest travellers and camel-riders in the world.

Chapter 16 of Exploration of Aïr by Angus Buchanan holds 60 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Exploration of Aïr contain?

Chapter 16 holds 60 sentences of Exploration of Aïr, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Exploration of Aïr by Angus Buchanan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 60 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Exploration of Aïr?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Exploration of Aïr

Common questions about reading Exploration of Aïr by Angus Buchanan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Exploration of Aïr?

Yes. All 1695 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70323 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Exploration of Aïr is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70323, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Exploration of Aïr take to read?

About 141 minutes of reading across 339 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Exploration of Aïr section by section

How to work through Exploration of Aïr section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of Exploration of Aïr to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Exploration of Aïr

Words and structures a reader meets early in Exploration of Aïr, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author--
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Canada
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Numerous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Photographs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Exploration of Aïr; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.