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Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)
Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered) is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)
Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.
For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.
Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.
A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:
"We country folk, we see such things.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered) is here in full — 305 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.
Line 2
For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.
/fɔːr ˈmɑːnɑːrks mʌst biː kept dɪˈluːdɪd baɪ ˈfælshʊd frʌm ðə lɪps ɪɡˈzuːdɪd ənd ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl skiːmz pərˈsuːɪŋ ker ˈnʌθɪŋ fɔːr ðə ˈpʌblɪk ˈruːən/
Line 3
Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.
Line 4
A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:
Line 5
"We country folk, we see such things.
/wiː ˈkʌntri foʊk wiː siː sʌtʃ θɪŋz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

countryman noun US /ˈkʌntrimən/

a man from your own country

From this reading “A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:”

deluded verb US /dɪˈluːdɪd/

past form of “delude” — be false to; be dishonest with

From this reading “For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.”

exuded verb US /ɪɡˈzuːdɪd/

past form of “exude” — release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities

From this reading “For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.”

ministerial adjective US /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading “For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.”

monarchs noun US /ˈmɑːnɑːrks/

plural of “monarch” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading “For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.”

Parthian noun US /ˈpɑːrθiən/

a native or inhabitant of Parthia

From this reading “A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:”

regal adjective US /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading “A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:”

subservient adjective US /səbˈsɜːrviənt/

compliant and obedient to authority

From this reading “For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

country folk noun + noun

In this reading “"We country folk, we see such things.”

deluded By verb + particle counted as “delude by”

In this reading “For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.”

by intuition preposition + noun

In this reading “For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.”

reached a cottage verb + article + noun counted as “reach … cottage”

In this reading “Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

Antiochus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

CarenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

chaseverbUS /tʃeɪs/

go after with the intent to catch

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

cottagenounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading "We country folk, we see such things.

countrymannounUS /ˈkʌntrimən/

a man from your own country

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

deludedverbUS /dɪˈluːdɪd/

past form of “delude” — be false to; be dishonest with

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

distressedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrest/

facing or experiencing financial trouble or difficulty

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

exudedverbUS /ɪɡˈzuːdɪd/

past form of “exude” — release (a liquid) in drops or small quantities

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

falsehoodnounUS /ˈfælshʊd/

a false statement

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

fednounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading "We country folk, we see such things.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

guestnounUS /ɡest/

a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

intuitionnounUS /ˌɪntuːˈɪʃən/

instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes)

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

mendedverbUS /ˈmendɪd/

past form of “mend” — restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

ministerialadjectiveUS /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

monarchsnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrks/

plural of “monarch” — a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

pacenounUS /peɪs/

the rate of moving (especially walking or running)

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

ParthiannounUS /ˈpɑːrθiən/

a native or inhabitant of Parthia

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

politiciannounUS /ˌpɑːləˈtɪʃən/

a leader engaged in civil administration

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

regaladjectiveUS /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

safetynounUS /ˈseɪfti/

the state of being certain that adverse effects will not be caused by some agent under defined conditions

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

schemesnounUS /skiːmz/

plural of “scheme” — an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading For monarchs must be kept deluded By falsehood from the lips exuded, And, ministerial schemes pursuing, Care nothing for the public ruin.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading "We country folk, we see such things.

soreadjectiveUS /sɔːr/

hurting

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

subservientadjectiveUS /səbˈsɜːrviənt/

compliant and obedient to authority

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "We country folk, we see such things.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading "We country folk, we see such things.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

TraversedverbUS /ˈtrævərst/

past form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

unwontedadjective

unaccustomed or unusual

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

WarmedadjectiveUS /wɔːrmd/

having been warmed up

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "We country folk, we see such things.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading For none is born a politician Who cannot lie by intuition: By which the safety of the throne Is kept--subservient to his own.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading A Parthian fed the regal guest, But knew not whom: the countryman, Warmed by unwonted wine, began To talk of courts and talk of kings:

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading Antiochus, lost in a chase, Traversed the wood with mended pace, And reached a cottage, sore distressed.

Chapter 4 of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered) by John Benson Rose holds 305 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered) contain?

Chapter 4 holds 305 sentences of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered), unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered) by John Benson Rose exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 305 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #26199, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 127 minutes of reading across 307 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fables
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Somewhat
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Altered
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Uncle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fables of John Gay (Somewhat Altered); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.