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Falkner: A Novel
Falkner: A Novel

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Falkner: A Novel is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/30 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.
With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.
Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.
He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.
Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Falkner: A Novel

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Falkner: A Novel is here in full — 152 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/30 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.
/ɪn ðə ˈhjuːmən hɑːrt ənd ɪf ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən dʌz nɑːt er mɔːr ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli ɪn ðə hɑːrt ʌv mæn ðə ˈpæʃənz ɪɡˈzɜːrt ðer ˈɪnfluːəns ˈfɪtfəli/
Line 2
With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.
/wɪð sʌm əˈnælədʒi tuː ðə lɔːz wɪtʃ ˈɡʌvərn ðə ˈeləmənts ðeɪ naʊ sliːp ɪn kɑːm ənd naʊ ərˈaɪz wɪð ðə ˈvaɪələns ʌv ˈfjʊriəs wɪndz/
Line 3
Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.
Line 4
He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.
Line 5
Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

analogy noun US /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading “With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.”

equanimity noun US /ˌek.wəˈnɪm.ə.t̬i/

Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.

From this reading “Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.”

err verb US /er/

to make a mistake or be incorrect

From this reading “In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.”

exert verb US /ɪɡˈzɜːrt/

put to use

From this reading “In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.”

Falkner noun US /ˈfɔːknər/

United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962)

From this reading “Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.”

fitfully adverb US /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading “In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.”

inattentive adjective US /ˌɪnəˈtentɪv/

showing a lack of attention or care

From this reading “Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.”

readier adjective US /ˈrediər/

comparative of “ready” — completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading “He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human heart adjective + noun

In this reading “In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.”

furious winds adjective + noun counted as “furious wind”

In this reading “With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

analogynounUS /əˈnælədʒi/

an inference that if things agree in some respects they probably agree in others

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

ariseverbUS /ərˈaɪz/

come into existence; take on form or shape

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

attainedadjectiveUS /əˈteɪnd/

achieved or reached

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

brownounUS /braʊ/

the part of the face above the eyes

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

calmverbUS /kɑːm/

make calm or still

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

cheerfulnessnounUS /ˈtʃɪrfəlnəs/

the quality of being cheerful and dispelling gloom

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

discussedverbUS /dɪˈskʌst/

past form of “discuss” — to consider or examine in speech or writing

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

displayedverbUS /dɪˈspleɪd/

past form of “display” — to show, make visible or apparent

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

ElizabethnounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθ/

daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

equanimitynounUS /ˌek.wəˈnɪm.ə.t̬i/

Mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

errverbUS /er/

to make a mistake or be incorrect

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

eventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

exertverbUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrt/

put to use

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

FalknernounUS /ˈfɔːknər/

United States novelist (originally Falkner) who wrote about people in the southern United States (1897-1962)

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

feelingnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋ/

the experiencing of affective and emotional states

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

fitfullyadverbUS /ˈfɪtfəli/

in a fitful manner

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

GloomnounUS /ɡluːm/

a state of partial or total darkness

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

governverbUS /ˈɡʌvərn/

bring into conformity with rules or principles or usage; impose regulations

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

inattentiveadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəˈtentɪv/

showing a lack of attention or care

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

latterlyadverb

in the recent past

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

particularlyadverbUS /ˌpɑːrˈtɪkjələrli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

passionsnounUS /ˈpæʃənz/

plural of “passion” — a strong feeling or emotion

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

presencenounUS /ˈprezəns/

the state of being present; current existence

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

readieradjectiveUS /ˈrediər/

comparative of “ready” — completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

satnounUS /sæt/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Falkner had latterly attained a state of feeling approaching to equanimity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the human heart, and, if observation does not err, more particularly in the heart of man, the passions exert their influence fitfully.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

topicnounUS /ˈtɑːpɪk/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

vanishedadjectiveUS /ˈvænɪʃt/

having passed out of existence

From this reading He displayed more cheerfulness--a readier interest in the daily course of events--a power to give himself up to any topic discussed in his presence; but this had now vanished.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Gloom sat on his brow--he was inattentive even to Elizabeth.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With some analogy to the laws which govern the elements, they now sleep in calm, and now arise with the violence of furious winds.

Chapter 7 of Falkner: A Novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley holds 152 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Falkner: A Novel contain?

Chapter 7 holds 152 sentences of Falkner: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Falkner: A Novel by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 152 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Falkner: A Novel?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Falkner: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Falkner: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Falkner: A Novel, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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