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Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1
Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It is a sad story.
Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.
But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.
She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.
Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It is a sad story.
/ɪt ɪz ə sæd ˈstɔːri/
Line 2
Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.
Line 3
But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.
/bʌt ə kwiːn ɪz nɑːt æz ˈʌðər ˈwɪmən ənd ʃiː faʊnd tuː leɪt ðæt ðə ˈtiːtʃɪŋ ʌv hɜːr hɑːrt wɑːz ˈæftər ɔːl ðə ˈtruːɪst ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/
Line 4
She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.
Line 5
Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.
/jet ˈiːvɪn ðɪs pərˈhæps wɑːz ˈbetər soʊ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambitious adjective US /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading “Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.”

bolder adjective US /ˈboʊldər/

comparative of “bold” — fearless and daring

From this reading “Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.”

reigned verb US /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading “Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.”

sad adjective US /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading “It is a sad story.”

teaching noun US /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading “But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.”

thrall noun US /θrɔːl/

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading “Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.”

truest adjective US /ˈtruːɪst/

superlative of “true” — consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading “But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.”

unfriendly adjective US /ənˈfrendli/

not easy to understand or use

From this reading “She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is a sad story.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

bolderadjectiveUS /ˈboʊldər/

comparative of “bold” — fearless and daring

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

Bothwell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

Hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is a sad story.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is a sad story.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

plenitudenoun

a full supply

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

queennounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

reignedverbUS /reɪnd/

past form of “reign” — have sovereign power

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading It is a sad story.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading It is a sad story.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

thrallnounUS /θrɔːl/

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

truestadjectiveUS /ˈtruːɪst/

superlative of “true” — consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

unfriendlyadjectiveUS /ənˈfrendli/

not easy to understand or use

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading She went to her death as Bothwell went to his, alone, in a strange, unfriendly land.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Had Mary been less ambitious when she first met Bothwell, or had he been a little bolder, they might have reigned together and lived out their lives in the plenitude of that great love which held them both in thrall.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading But a queen is not as other women; and she found too late that the teaching of her heart was, after all, the truest teaching.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

Chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 410 sentences of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Common questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 6635 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4693 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4693, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.