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Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1
Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.
Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.
She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.
But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.
Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is here in full — 415 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.
/ˈʃɑːrlət hæd ˈnɪrli kʌm tuː ˈwʊmənhʊd æt ðə taɪm wen ðə frentʃ ˌrevəˈluːʃən fɜːrst broʊk aʊt/
Line 2
Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.
/ˈrɔɪəlɪst ðoʊ ʃiː hæd bɪn ɪn hɜːr ˈsɪmpəθiz ʃiː felt ðə ˈdʒʌstəs ʌv ðə ˈpiːpəlz kɑːz/
Line 3
She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.
Line 4
But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.
/bʌt wʌt ʃiː hoʊpt fɔːr wɑːz ə dɪˈmɑːkrəsi ʌv ˈɔːrdər ənd ɪˈkwɑːləti ənd piːs/
Line 5
Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.
/kʊd ðə kɪŋ reɪn æz ə ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl ˈmɑːnɑːrk ˈræðər ðæn æz ə ˈdespət ðɪs wɑːz ɔːl fɔːr wɪtʃ ʃiː kerd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brutality noun US /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading “She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.”

constitutional adjective US /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl/

of benefit to or intended to benefit your physical makeup

From this reading “Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.”

democracy noun US /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/

the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

From this reading “But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.”

despot noun US /ˈdespət/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading “Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.”

peasantry noun US /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading “She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.”

regime noun US /rəˈʒiːm/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading “She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.”

Royalist noun US /ˈrɔɪəlɪst/

an advocate of the principles of monarchy

From this reading “Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.”

womanhood noun US /ˈwʊmənhʊd/

the state of being an adult woman

From this reading “Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

brokeadjectiveUS /broʊk/

lacking funds

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

brutalitynounUS /bruːˈtæləti/

the trait of extreme cruelty

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

caredverbUS /kerd/

past form of “care” — feel concern or interest

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

CharlottenounUS /ˈʃɑːrlət/

the largest city in North Carolina; located in south central North Carolina

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

constitutionaladjectiveUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃənəl/

of benefit to or intended to benefit your physical makeup

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

Couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

democracynounUS /dɪˈmɑːkrəsi/

the political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

despotnounUS /ˈdespət/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

equalitynounUS /ɪˈkwɑːləti/

the quality of being the same in quantity or measure or value or status

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

justicenounUS /ˈdʒʌstəs/

the quality of being just or fair

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

oppressionnounUS /əˈpreʃən/

the act of subjugating by cruelty

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

peacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

peasantrynounUS /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

people'snounUS /ˈpiːpəlz/

possessive form of “people” — (plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

regimenounUS /rəˈʒiːm/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

RevolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

RoyalistnounUS /ˈrɔɪəlɪst/

an advocate of the principles of monarchy

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

sufferingnounUS /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/

a state of acute pain

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

sympathiesnounUS /ˈsɪmpəθiz/

plural of “sympathy” — an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

tax-gatherers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She had seen the suffering of the peasantry, the brutality of the tax-gatherers, and all the oppression of the old regime.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Royalist though she had been in her sympathies, she felt the justice of the people's cause.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But what she hoped for was a democracy of order and equality and peace.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Could the king reign as a constitutional monarch rather than as a despot, this was all for which she cared.

womanhoodnounUS /ˈwʊmənhʊd/

the state of being an adult woman

From this reading Charlotte had nearly come to womanhood at the time when the French Revolution first broke out.

Chapter 7 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr holds 415 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 contain?

Chapter 7 holds 415 sentences of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 415 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Common questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1?

Yes. All 6635 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4693 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4693, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 take to read?

About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 section by section

How to work through Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.