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Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1
Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.
In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.
This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.
It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.
Irving was three years older than Carlyle.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.
Line 2
In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.
Line 3
This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.
/ðɪs səkˈsesfəl əˈtæk əˈpɑːn ðə ˈlʌndən ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz ənd riˈvjuːz led tuː ə ˈsɜːrtən ˌkɑːmpləˈkeɪʃən wɪð ðə ˈʌðər tuː ˈkærəktərz ɪn ðɪs ˈstɔːri/
Line 4
It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.
Line 5
Irving was three years older than Carlyle.
/ˈɜːrvɪŋ wɑːz θriː jɪrz ˈoʊldər ðæn ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commissions noun US /kəˈmɪʃənz/

plural of “commission” — a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading “Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.”

complication noun US /ˌkɑːmpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act or process of complicating

From this reading “This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.”

Geometry noun US /dʒiˈɑːmətri/

the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces

From this reading “Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.”

Irving noun US /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading “It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.”

periodicals noun US /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz/

plural of “periodical” — a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading “This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.”

reviews noun US /riˈvjuːz/

plural of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading “This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.”

Schiller noun US /ˈʃɪlər/

German romantic writer (1759-1805)

From this reading “In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.”

Welsh noun US /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading “It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1824

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

CarlylenounUS /ˈkɑːrlaɪl/

Scottish historian who wrote about the French Revolution (1795-1881)

From this reading Irving was three years older than Carlyle.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

commissionsnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənz/

plural of “commission” — a special group delegated to consider some matter

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

complicationnounUS /ˌkɑːmpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act or process of complicating

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

GeometrynounUS /dʒiˈɑːmətri/

the pure mathematics of points and lines and curves and surfaces

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

Goethe's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

IrvingnounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

Jane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

kindnessnounUS /ˈkaɪndnəs/

the quality of being warmhearted and considerate and humane and sympathetic

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

Legendre's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

MagazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

Meister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading Irving was three years older than Carlyle.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

periodicalsnounUS /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəlz/

plural of “periodical” — a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

reviewsnounUS /riˈvjuːz/

plural of “review” — a new appraisal or evaluation

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

SchillernounUS /ˈʃɪlər/

German romantic writer (1759-1805)

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

takesnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Irving was three years older than Carlyle.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Irving was three years older than Carlyle.

ThroughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

twenty-ninenoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-eight and one

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

WelshnounUS /weltʃ/

a native or resident of Wales

From this reading It takes us to Jane Welsh, and also to Edward Irving.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

Wilhelm

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This successful attack upon the London periodicals and reviews led to a certain complication with the other two characters in this story.

writeverbUS /raɪt/

produce a literary work

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading In the same year he published, in the London Magazine, his Life of Schiller, and also his translation of Goethe's Wilhelm Meister.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Through the kindness of friends, he received some commissions to write in various books of reference; and in 1824, when he was twenty-nine years of age, he published a translation of Legendre's Geometry.

Chapter 14 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 contain?

Chapter 14 holds 414 sentences of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1 by Lyndon Orr exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

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Yes. All 6635 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4693 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #4693, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 552 minutes of reading across 1327 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
History
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Vol 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.