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Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1
Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.
It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.
QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.
Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.
It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.
/jet ˈiːvɪn ðɪs pərˈhæps wɑːz ˈbetər soʊ/
Line 2
It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.
/ɪt hæz æt liːst tʌtʃt boʊθ ðer lɪvz wɪð ˈpeɪθɑːs ənd hæz meɪd ðə neɪm ʌv ˈmeri ˈstuːərt wʌn tuː biː rɪˈmembərd θruːˈaʊt ɔːl ðə ˈeɪdʒəz/
Line 3
QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.
Line 4
Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.
Line 5
It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.
/ɪt ɪz ˈdɪfəkəlt tuː bɪˈliːv ðæt lɔːŋ əˈɡoʊ ɪn ðə ˈmɪdəl ˈeɪdʒəz ðə ˈsɪtiz ʌv ˈsʌðərn ˈswiːdən wɜːr əˈmʌŋ ðə ɡreɪt kəˈmɜːrʃəl ˈsentərz ʌv ðə wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bloodshed noun US /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading “Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.”

centers noun US /ˈsentərz/

plural of “center” — an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading “It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.”

clash noun US /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading “QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.”

Denmark noun US /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading “Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.”

Norway noun US /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading “Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.”

secession noun US /sɪˈseʃən/

an Austrian school of art and architecture parallel to the French art nouveau in the 1890s

From this reading “Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.”

sweden noun US /ˈswiːdən/

a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula

From this reading “QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.”

tyrannized verb US /ˈtɪrənaɪzd/

past form of “tyrannize” — rule a country as a tyrant

From this reading “Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

accomplishedadjectiveUS /əˈkɑːmplɪʃt/

highly skilled

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

bloodshednounUS /ˈblʌdʃed/

the shedding of blood resulting in murder

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

centersnounUS /ˈsentərz/

plural of “center” — an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

CHRISTINA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

citiesnounUS /ˈsɪtiz/

plural of “city” — a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

clashnounUS /klæʃ/

A violent confrontation or disagreement between opposing forces or factions.

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

commercialadjectiveUS /kəˈmɜːrʃəl/

connected with or engaged in or sponsored by or used in commerce or commercial enterprises

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

DenmarknounUS /ˈdenmɑːrk/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe; consists of the mainland of Jutland and many islands between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

domineered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

governednounUS /ˈɡʌvərnd/

the body of people who are citizens of a particular government

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

kingdomsnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəmz/

plural of “kingdom” — a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

MARQUISnounUS /ˌmɑːrˈkiː/

humorist who wrote about the imaginary life of cockroaches (1878-1937)

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

MarynounUS /ˈmeri/

the mother of Jesus; Christians refer to her as the Virgin Mary; she is especially honored by Roman Catholics

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

MiddlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

MONALDESCHI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

NorwaynounUS /ˈnɔːrweɪ/

a constitutional monarchy in northern Europe on the western side of the Scandinavian Peninsula; achieved independence from Sweden in 1905

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

pathosnounUS /ˈpeɪθɑːs/

a quality that arouses emotions (especially pity or sorrow)

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

peacefuladjectiveUS /ˈpiːsfəl/

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

prosperousadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːspərəs/

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

QUEENnounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

rememberedverbUS /rɪˈmembərd/

past form of “remember” — recall knowledge from memory; have a recollection

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

secessionnounUS /sɪˈseʃən/

an Austrian school of art and architecture parallel to the French art nouveau in the 1890s

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

statesnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

strifenounUS /straɪf/

lack of agreement or harmony

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

StuartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States painter best known for his portraits of George Washington (1755-1828)

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

SWEDENnounUS /ˈswiːdən/

a Scandinavian kingdom in the eastern part of the Scandinavian Peninsula

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

turmoilnounUS /ˈtɜːrmɔɪl/

a violent disturbance

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

tyrannizedverbUS /ˈtɪrənaɪzd/

past form of “tyrannize” — rule a country as a tyrant

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is difficult to believe that long ago, in the Middle Ages, the cities of southern Sweden were among the great commercial centers of the world.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It has at least touched both their lives with pathos and has made the name of Mary Stuart one to be remembered throughout all the ages.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading QUEEN CHRISTINA OF SWEDEN AND THE MARQUIS MONALDESCHI Sweden to-day is one of the peaceful kingdoms of the world, whose people are prosperous, well governed, and somewhat apart from the clash and turmoil of other states and nations.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Even the secession of Norway, a few years ago, was accomplished without bloodshed, and now the two kingdoms exist side by side as free from strife as they are with Denmark, which once domineered and tyrannized over both.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet, even this, perhaps, was better so.

Chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 by Lyndon Orr holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 3 holds 412 sentences of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 by Lyndon Orr exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 by Lyndon Orr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1?

Yes. All 1662 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4689 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4689, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 take to read?

About 138 minutes of reading across 333 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 4 chapters of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Stories
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Known
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Human
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.