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Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3
Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
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There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.
Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.
Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.
Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.
The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.
Line 2
Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.
/boʊθ ʌv ðem wɜːr ˈhaʊndɪd frʌm ˈkʌntri tuː ˈkʌntri boʊθ ʌv ðem wɜːrkt ləˈbɔːriəsli fɔːr soʊ ˈskænti ə ˈlɪvɪŋ æz tuː vɜːrdʒ æt taɪmz əˈpɑːn stɑːrˈveɪʃən/
Line 3
Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.
Line 4
Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.
Line 5
The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.
/ðə kɑːz ʌv mɑːrks ɪz fɑːr ˈɡreɪtər ənd mɔːr trəˈmendəs bɪˈkɔːz ɪt straɪks æt ðə beɪs ʌv ˈhjuːmən laɪf ənd ˈsoʊʃəl ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

economic adjective US /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/

of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth

From this reading “Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.”

hounded verb US /ˈhaʊndɪd/

past form of “hound” — pursue or chase relentlessly

From this reading “Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.”

laboriously adverb US /ləˈbɔːriəsli/

in a laborious manner

From this reading “Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.”

Marx noun US /mɑːrks/

United States comedian; one of four brothers who made motion pictures together (1901-1979)

From this reading “There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.”

starvation noun US /stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

From this reading “Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.”

Wagner noun US /ˈwæɡnər/

Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture (1841-1918)

From this reading “There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.”

Wagner's noun US /ˈwæɡnərz/

possessive form of “wagner” — Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture (1841-1918)

From this reading “Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.”

well-being noun US /ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/

a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous

From this reading “The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

acceptedadjectiveUS /ækˈseptɪd/

generally approved or compelling recognition

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

earnestlyadverbUS /ˈɜːrnəstli/

in a serious manner

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

economicadjectiveUS /ˌekəˈnɑːmɪk/

of or relating to an economy, the system of production and management of material wealth

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

houndedverbUS /ˈhaʊndɪd/

past form of “hound” — pursue or chase relentlessly

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

laboriouslyadverbUS /ləˈbɔːriəsli/

in a laborious manner

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

MarxnounUS /mɑːrks/

United States comedian; one of four brothers who made motion pictures together (1901-1979)

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

music-drama

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

parallelnounUS /ˈperəlel/

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

patronnounUS /ˈpeɪtrən/

a regular customer

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

scantyadjectiveUS /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

starvationnounUS /stɑːrˈveɪʃən/

a state of extreme hunger resulting from lack of essential nutrients over a prolonged period

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

strikesnounUS /straɪks/

plural of “strike” — a group's refusal to work in protest against low pay or bad work conditions

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

theorynounUS /ˈθɪri/

a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world; an organized system of accepted knowledge that applies in a variety of circumstances to explain a specific set of phenomena

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

tremendousadjectiveUS /trəˈmendəs/

extraordinarily large in size or extent or amount or power or degree

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

triumphnounUS /ˈtraɪəmf/

a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

vergenounUS /vɜːrdʒ/

a region marking a boundary

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

victimsnounUS /ˈvɪktəmz/

plural of “victim” — an unfortunate person who suffers from some adverse circumstance

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

WagnernounUS /ˈwæɡnər/

Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture (1841-1918)

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

Wagner'snounUS /ˈwæɡnərz/

possessive form of “wagner” — Austrian architect and pioneer of modern architecture (1841-1918)

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

well-beingnounUS /ˌwelˈbiːɪŋ/

a contented state of being happy and healthy and prosperous

From this reading The cause of Marx is far greater and more tremendous, because it strikes at the base of human life and social well-being.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There is a curious parallel between the life of Marx and that of Richard Wagner down to the time when the latter discovered a royal patron.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Both of them were victims to a cause in which they earnestly believed--an economic cause in the one case, an artistic cause in the other.

workedverbUS /wɜːrkt/

past form of “work” — exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Both of them were hounded from country to country; both of them worked laboriously for so scanty a living as to verge, at times, upon starvation.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Wagner's triumph came before his death, and the world has accepted his theory of the music-drama.

Chapter 4 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 by Lyndon Orr holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 407 sentences of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 by Lyndon Orr exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3

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Project Gutenberg eBook #4691, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 take to read?

About 137 minutes of reading across 329 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3 section by section

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Vocabulary met early in Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sixty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Seventy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Affinities of History — Volume 3; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.