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Famous Men of the Middle Ages
Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.
He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.
He gained many victories.
He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.
The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages is here in full — 406 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.
Line 2
He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.
Line 3
He gained many victories.
/hiː ɡeɪnd ˈmeni ˈvɪktəriz/
Line 4
He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.
/hiː mɑːrtʃt əˈɡenst ˈmekə wɪð æn ˈɑːrmi ʌv ten ˈθaʊzənd men ənd ðə ˈsɪti sərˈendərd wɪð ˈlɪtəl rɪˈzɪstəns/
Line 5
The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.
/ðə ˈpiːpəl ðen dʒɔɪnd hɪz rɪˈlɪdʒən ənd dɪˈstrɔɪd ðer ˈaɪdəlz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

battles noun US /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading “He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.”

idols noun US /ˈaɪdəlz/

plural of “idol” — a material effigy that is worshipped

From this reading “The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.”

Mecca noun US /ˈmekə/

joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Muhammad it is the holiest city of Islam

From this reading “He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.”

Mohammed noun US /moʊˈhæmɪd/

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

From this reading “IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.”

resistance noun US /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading “He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.”

surrendered verb US /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading “He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.”

teaching noun US /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading “IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.”

victories noun US /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading “He gained many victories.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

acceptverbUS /ækˈsept/

consider or hold as true

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

battlesnounUS /ˈbætəlz/

plural of “battle” — a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading He gained many victories.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

idolsnounUS /ˈaɪdəlz/

plural of “idol” — a material effigy that is worshipped

From this reading The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

joinedadjectiveUS /dʒɔɪnd/

of or relating to two people who are married to each other

From this reading The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He gained many victories.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

MeccanounUS /ˈmekə/

joint capital (with Riyadh) of Saudi Arabia; located in western Saudi Arabia; as the birthplace of Muhammad it is the holiest city of Islam

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

MohammednounUS /moʊˈhæmɪd/

the Arab prophet who, according to Islam, was the last messenger of Allah (570-632)

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

resistancenounUS /rɪˈzɪstəns/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

surrenderedverbUS /sərˈendərd/

past form of “surrender” — give up or agree to forgo to the power or possession of another

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

teachingnounUS /ˈtiːtʃɪŋ/

the profession of a teacher

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The people then joined his religion and destroyed their idols.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading He therefore got together an army and fought battles and unbelievers.

unbelievers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

victoriesnounUS /ˈvɪktəriz/

plural of “victory” — a successful ending of a struggle or contest

From this reading He gained many victories.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading IV Mohammed thought that it was right to spread his religion by force, and to make war on "unbelievers", as he called all people who did not accept his teaching.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He marched against Mecca with an army of ten thousand men, and the city surrendered with little resistance.

Chapter 3 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages by John H. (John Henry) Haaren holds 406 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 3 holds 406 sentences of Famous Men of the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages by John H. (John Henry) Haaren exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 406 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Famous Men of the Middle Ages by John H. (John Henry) Haaren on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Famous Men of the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 2429 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Famous Men of the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3725, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Famous Men of the Middle Ages take to read?

About 202 minutes of reading across 486 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Famous Men of the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Famous Men of the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Men of the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brett
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.