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Famous Men of the Middle Ages
Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Famous Men of the Middle Ages
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.
"I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."
Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.
His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.
They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.
/jes ɪt ɪz ˈlʌvli rɪˈplaɪd ðə ˈmʌðər/
Line 2
"I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."
/aɪ wɪl ɡɪv ɪt tuː wɪˈtʃevər ʌv juː ˈtʃɪldrən kæn red ɪt ðə best ɪn ə wiːk/
Line 3
Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.
/ˈælfrəd bɪˈɡæn æt wʌns tuː teɪk ˈlesənz ɪn ˈriːdɪŋ ənd ˈstʌdid hɑːrd deɪ ˈæftər deɪ/
Line 4
His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.
Line 5
They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Alfred noun US /ˈælfrəd/

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading “Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.”

amusements noun US /əˈmjuːzmənts/

plural of “amusement” — a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading “His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.”

brothers noun US /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading “His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.”

efforts noun US /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading “His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.”

fun noun US /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading “His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.”

lessons noun US /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading “Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.”

studied adjective US /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading “Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.”

whichever determiner US /wɪˈtʃevər/

any one of a set, it does not matter which

From this reading “"I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

AlfrednounUS /ˈælfrəd/

king of Wessex; defeated the Vikings and encouraged writing in English (849-899)

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

Alfred's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

amusementsnounUS /əˈmjuːzmənts/

plural of “amusement” — a feeling of delight at being entertained

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

learnverbUS /lɜːrn/

gain knowledge or skills

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

lessonsnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Alfred began at once to take lessons in reading, and studied hard day after day.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading His brothers passed their time in amusements and made fun of Alfred's efforts.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading They thought he could not learn to read as well as they could, no matter how hard he should try.

whicheverdeterminerUS /wɪˈtʃevər/

any one of a set, it does not matter which

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

YesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading "Yes, it is lovely," replied the mother.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "I will give it to whichever of you children can read it the best in a week."

Chapter 4 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages by John H. (John Henry) Haaren holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages contain?

Chapter 4 holds 403 sentences of Famous Men of the Middle Ages, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages by John H. (John Henry) Haaren exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Famous Men of the Middle Ages?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Common questions about reading Famous Men of the Middle Ages by John H. (John Henry) Haaren on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Famous Men of the Middle Ages?

Yes. All 2429 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3725 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Famous Men of the Middle Ages is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3725, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Famous Men of the Middle Ages take to read?

About 202 minutes of reading across 486 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Famous Men of the Middle Ages section by section

How to work through Famous Men of the Middle Ages section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of Famous Men of the Middle Ages to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Famous Men of the Middle Ages

Words and structures a reader meets early in Famous Men of the Middle Ages, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Produced
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brett
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Famous Men of the Middle Ages; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.