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Far from the Madding Crowd
Far from the Madding Crowd

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Far from the Madding Crowd is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Far from the Madding Crowd
Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A MORNING MEETINGTHE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.
The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.
This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.
The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.
He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Far from the Madding Crowd

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Far from the Madding Crowd is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A MORNING MEETINGTHE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.
Line 2
The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.
Line 3
This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.
Line 4
The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.
Line 5
He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

acquisition noun US /ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

From this reading “He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.”

diminish verb US /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading “The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.”

gums noun US /ɡʌmz/

plural of “gum” — a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing

From this reading “He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.”

impaled verb US /ˌɪmˈpeɪld/

past form of “impale” — pierce with a sharp stake or point

From this reading “This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.”

mustard noun US /ˈmʌstərd/

any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica

From this reading “This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.”

radiating adjective US /ˈreɪdieɪtɪŋ/

diverging from a common point

From this reading “A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.”

sensibly adverb US /ˈsensəbli/

with good sense or in a reasonable or intelligent manner

From this reading “The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.”

vertically adverb US /ˈvɜːrtɪkli/

in a vertical direction

From this reading “This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.”

All words in this reading · 116

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

acquisitionnounUS /ˌækwəˈzɪʃən/

the act of contracting or assuming or acquiring possession of something

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

AGAINadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

baconnounUS /ˈbeɪkən/

back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

breakfasting

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

defectnounUS /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

diminishverbUS /dɪˈmɪnɪʃ/

decrease in size, extent, or range

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

downwardsadverbUS /ˈdaʊnwərdz/

spatially or metaphorically from a higher to a lower level or position

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

elevatedadjectiveUS /ˈeləveɪtɪd/

raised above the ground

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

feltverbUS /felt/

mat together and make felt-like

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

gumsnounUS /ɡʌmz/

plural of “gum” — a preparation (usually made of sweetened chicle) for chewing

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

hearthnounUS /hɑːrθ/

an open recess in a wall at the base of a chimney where a fire can be built

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

huenounUS /hjuː/

the quality of a color as determined by its dominant wavelength

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

impaledverbUS /ˌɪmˈpeɪld/

past form of “impale” — pierce with a sharp stake or point

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

lainverbUS /leɪn/

inflected form of “lie” — be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

LETTERnounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

lightedadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪtəd/

set afire or burning

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

lumpnounUS /lʌmp/

a compact mass

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

malthouse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

maltster

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

maltster's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

meatnounUS /miːt/

the flesh of animals (including fishes and birds and snails) used as food

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

MEETINGnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

millverbUS /mɪl/

move about in a confused manner

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

MORNINGnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

mustardnounUS /ˈmʌstərd/

any of several cruciferous plants of the genus Brassica

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

orangenounUS /ˈɔːrəndʒ/

round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

penetrateverbUS /ˈpenətreɪt/

pass into or through, often by overcoming resistance

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

performedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

pinchverbUS /pɪntʃ/

squeeze tightly between the fingers

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

placingverbUS /ˈpleɪsɪŋ/

-ing form of “place” — put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

plasterverbUS /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

plateless

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

pocket-knife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

radiatingadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdieɪtɪŋ/

diverging from a common point

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

saltnounUS /sɔːlt/

a compound formed by replacing hydrogen in an acid by a metal (or a radical that acts like a metal)

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

scarletnounUS /ˈskɑːrlət/

a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

sensiblyadverbUS /ˈsensəbli/

with good sense or in a reasonable or intelligent manner

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

severedadjectiveUS /ˈsevərd/

detached by cutting

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

similaradjectiveUS /ˈsɪmələr/

marked by correspondence or resemblance

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

slicenounUS /slaɪs/

a share of something

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

tablenounUS /ˈteɪbəl/

a set of data arranged in rows and columns

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

teethnounUS /tiːθ/

the kind and number and arrangement of teeth (collectively) in a person or animal

From this reading The maltster’s lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

three-legged

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a three-legged table, breakfasting off bread and bacon.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

toothlessness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

verticallyadverbUS /ˈvɜːrtɪkli/

in a vertical direction

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A MORNING MEETING—THE LETTER AGAIN The scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual, lighted by a rival glow of similar hue, radiating from the hearth.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocket-knife till wood is reached, when the severed lump is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He had been without them for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition.

Chapter 11 of Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy holds 247 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Far from the Madding Crowd contain?

Chapter 11 holds 247 sentences of Far from the Madding Crowd, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 247 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Far from the Madding Crowd?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Far from the Madding Crowd

Common questions about reading Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Far from the Madding Crowd?

Yes. All 7856 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Far from the Madding Crowd is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Far from the Madding Crowd take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1572 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Far from the Madding Crowd section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Far from the Madding Crowd

Words and structures a reader meets early in Far from the Madding Crowd, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loosening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Neckerchief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.