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Far from the Madding Crowd
Far from the Madding Crowd

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Far from the Madding Crowd is here in full — 179 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/35 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SAME NIGHTTHE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.
Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.
Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.
As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.
This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Far from the Madding Crowd

Chapter XVII · Chapter 17

Chapter 17 of Far from the Madding Crowd is here in full — 179 sentences across 36 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/35 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SAME NIGHTTHE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.
Line 2
Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.
Line 3
Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.
Line 4
As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.
Line 5
This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bedded adjective US /ˈbedɪd/

deposited or arranged in horizontal layers

From this reading “This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.”

dispensing verb US /dɪˈspensɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading “THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.”

fickleness noun US /ˈfɪkəlnəs/

unfaithfulness by virtue of being unreliable or treacherous

From this reading “Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.”

man's noun US /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

metropolitan adjective US /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading “As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.”

nooks noun US /nʊks/

plural of “nook” — a sheltered and secluded place

From this reading “As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.”

snub verb US /snʌb/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading “Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.”

surveillance noun US /sərˈveɪləns/

close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)

From this reading “Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.”

All words in this reading · 132

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

AmongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

anticipatedadjectiveUS /ænˈtɪsəpeɪtɪd/

expected hopefully

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

bailiffnounUS /ˈbeɪləf/

an officer of the court who is employed to execute writs and processes and make arrests etc.

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

BathshebanounUS /bæθˈʃiːbə/

(Old Testament) the wife of Uriah and later the wife of king David; Solomon was her son by David (circa 10th century BC)

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

beddedadjectiveUS /ˈbedɪd/

deposited or arranged in horizontal layers

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

bewailing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

constancynounUS /ˈkɑːnstənsi/

the quality of being enduring and free from change or variation

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

coolnessnounUS /ˈkuːlnəs/

calm and unruffled self-assurance

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

dispensingverbUS /dɪˈspensɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispense” — administer or bestow, as in small portions

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

examineverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪn/

consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

fearlessness

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

ficklenessnounUS /ˈfɪkəlnəs/

unfaithfulness by virtue of being unreliable or treacherous

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

FIRnounUS /fɜːr/

nonresinous wood of a fir tree

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

fowls

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

freedomnounUS /ˈfriːdəm/

the condition of being free; the power to act or speak or think without externally imposed restraints

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

GabrielnounUS /ˈɡeɪbriəl/

(Bible) the archangel who was the messenger of God

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

homesteadnounUS /ˈhoʊmsted/

the home and adjacent grounds occupied by a family

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

imposedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpoʊzd/

set forth authoritatively as obligatory

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

invisibly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

lanternnounUS /ˈlæntərn/

light in a transparent protective case

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

metropolitanadjectiveUS /ˌmetrəˈpɑːlətən/

relating to or characteristic of a metropolis

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

multifarious

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

NIGHTnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

nooksnounUS /nʊks/

plural of “nook” — a sheltered and secluded place

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

PLANTATIONnounUS /ˌplænˈteɪʃən/

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

policemannounUS /pəˈliːsmən/

a member of a police force

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

precededverbUS /prɪˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “precede” — be earlier in time; go back further

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

safeadjectiveUS /seɪf/

free from danger or the risk of harm

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

SAMEadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

snubverbUS /snʌb/

refuse to acknowledge

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

speciallyadverbUS /ˈspeʃəli/

in a special manner

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

surveillancenounUS /sərˈveɪləns/

close observation of a person or group (usually by the police)

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

suspicionnounUS /səˈspɪʃən/

an impression that something might be the case

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

thanklessly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

tournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman.

voluntarilyadverbUS /ˌvɑːlənˈterəli/

out of your own free will

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening, watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat thanklessly received.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE SAME NIGHT—THE FIR PLANTATION Among the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see that all was right and safe for the night.

WomennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Women are never tired of bewailing man’s fickleness in love, but they only seem to snub his constancy.

worstnounUS /wɜːrst/

the least favorable outcome

From this reading This coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the fowls not all in, or a door not closed.

Chapter 17 of Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy holds 179 sentences, grouped into 36 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Far from the Madding Crowd contain?

Chapter 17 holds 179 sentences of Far from the Madding Crowd, unabridged, divided into 36 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 179 sentences, grouped into 36 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Far from the Madding Crowd?

Work through the 36 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 36 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Far from the Madding Crowd

Common questions about reading Far from the Madding Crowd by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Far from the Madding Crowd?

Yes. All 7856 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #27 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Far from the Madding Crowd is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #27, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Far from the Madding Crowd take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1572 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Far from the Madding Crowd section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Far from the Madding Crowd

Words and structures a reader meets early in Far from the Madding Crowd, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loosening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Neckerchief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Far from the Madding Crowd; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.