Chapter VI

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading The long night of winter was approaching--that dreaded night.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

make certain of

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the 2nd largest ocean; separates North and South America on the west from Europe and Africa on the east

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

providing or experiencing physical well-being or relief (“comfy” is informal)

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

past form of “convert” — change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

causing fear or dread or terror

From this reading The long night of winter was approaching--that dreaded night.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

apart from; not including

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

regard something as probable or likely

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

turned into ice; affected by freezing or by long and severe cold

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

past form of “haul” — draw slowly or heavily

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

the apparent surface of the imaginary sphere on which celestial bodies appear to be projected

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

plural of “influence” — a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading The long night of winter was approaching--that dreaded night.

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

-ing form of “near” — move towards

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

not one thing; not anything

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

used when we are both doing the action and receiving it

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

a long (usually round) rod of wood or metal or plastic

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

inflected form of “prophesy” — predict or reveal through, or as if through, divine inspiration

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

housing available for people to live in

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

a hinged vertical airfoil mounted at the tail of an aircraft and used to make horizontal course changes

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

Identical; not different.

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

inflected form of “sink” — fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

transport commercially

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

consent reluctantly

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The long night of winter was approaching--that dreaded night.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

up to a particular time

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The rudder was hauled up, so that it might not be destroyed by the pressure of the ice.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Autumn was already well advanced; the sun stood lower in the heavens day by day, and the temperature sank steadily.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

during the time that

From this reading There was nothing to be done except prepare ourselves for it, and by degrees we converted our ship, as well as we could, into comfortable winter quarters; while at the same time we took every precaution to assure her against the destructive influences of cold, drift-ice, and the other forces of nature to which it was prophesied that we must succumb.

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading THE WINTER NIGHT It really looked as if we were now frozen in for good, and I did not expect to get the Fram out of the ice till we were on the other side of the Pole, nearing the Atlantic Ocean.