Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments
Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.
It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.
Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.
There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.
But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.
/ðɪs bʊk ɪz ðə rəˈkɔːrd ʌv ə ˈstrʌɡəl bɪˈtwiːn tuː ˈtemprəmənts tuː ˈkɑːntʃɪnsɪz ənd ˈɔːlmoʊst tuː ˈepəks/
Line 2
It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.
/ɪt ˈendəd æz wɑːz ˌɪˈnevətəbəl ɪn dɪsˈrʌpʃən/
Line 3
Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.
/ʌv ðə tuː ˈhjuːmən ˈbiːɪŋz hiːr dɪˈskraɪbd wʌn wɑːz bɔːrn tuː flaɪ ˈbækwərd ðə ˈʌðər kʊd nɑːt help ˈbiːɪŋ ˈkærid ˈfɔːrwərd/
Line 4
There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.
/ðer keɪm ə taɪm wen ˈniːðər spoʊk ðə seɪm ˈlæŋɡwədʒ æz ðə ˈʌðər ɔːr enˈkʌmpəst ðə seɪm hoʊps ɔːr wɑːz ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd baɪ ðə seɪm dɪˈzaɪərz/
Line 5
But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.
/bʌt æt liːst ɪt ɪz sʌm ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃən tuː ðə sərˈvaɪvər ðæt ˈniːðər tuː ðə ˈveri læst ˈaʊər siːst tuː rɪˈspekt ðə ˈʌðər ɔːr tuː rɪˈɡɑːrd hɪm wɪð ə sæd ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

consciences noun US /ˈkɑːntʃɪnsɪz/

plural of “conscience” — motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading “THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.”

disruption noun US /dɪsˈrʌpʃən/

an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity

From this reading “It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.”

encompassed verb US /enˈkʌmpəst/

past form of “encompass” — include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading “There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.”

epochs noun US /ˈepəks/

plural of “epoch” — a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading “THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.”

fortified adjective US /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading “There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.”

indulgence noun US /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading “But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.”

survivor noun US /sərˈvaɪvər/

one who lives through affliction

From this reading “But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.”

temperaments noun US /ˈtemprəmənts/

plural of “temperament” — your usual mood

From this reading “THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

consciencesnounUS /ˈkɑːntʃɪnsɪz/

plural of “conscience” — motivation deriving logically from ethical or moral principles that govern a person's thoughts and actions

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

consolationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈleɪʃən/

the comfort you feel when consoled in times of disappointment

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

desiresnounUS /dɪˈzaɪərz/

plural of “desire” — the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

disruptionnounUS /dɪsˈrʌpʃən/

an act of delaying or interrupting the continuity

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

encompassedverbUS /enˈkʌmpəst/

past form of “encompass” — include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territory

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

epochsnounUS /ˈepəks/

plural of “epoch” — a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

fortifiedadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

indulgencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒəns/

an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

inevitableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnevətəbəl/

incapable of being avoided or prevented

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

survivornounUS /sərˈvaɪvər/

one who lives through affliction

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

temperamentsnounUS /ˈtemprəmənts/

plural of “temperament” — your usual mood

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

THISdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Of the two human beings here described, one was born to fly backward, the other could not help being carried forward.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THIS book is the record of a struggle between two temperaments, two consciences and almost two epochs.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It ended, as was inevitable, in disruption.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There came a time when neither spoke the same language as the other, or encompassed the same hopes, or was fortified by the same desires.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But, at least, it is some consolation to the survivor, that neither, to the very last hour, ceased to respect the other, or to regard him with a sad indulgence.

Chapter 1 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments by Edmund Gosse holds 133 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments contain?

Chapter 1 holds 133 sentences of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments by Edmund Gosse exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 133 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Common questions about reading Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments by Edmund Gosse on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments?

Yes. All 2892 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2540 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2540, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments take to read?

About 241 minutes of reading across 579 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments section by section

How to work through Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Words and structures a reader meets early in Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Record
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Struggle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Between
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Temperaments
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.