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Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments
Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
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CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.
I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.
I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.
This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.
It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.
/ˈsɜːrtənli ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ jɪr ðə ˈsevənθ ʌv maɪ laɪf hæd bɪn ˈweɪtɪd fɔːr ʌs wɪð ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv dɪˈzæstər/
Line 2
I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.
/aɪ hæv nɑːt jet ˈmenʃənd ðæt æt ðə bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ ʌv maɪ ˈmʌðərz ˈfeɪtəl ˈɪlnəs mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən keɪm əˈpɑːn hɜːr ˈbrʌðərz/
Line 3
I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.
Line 4
This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.
Line 5
It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈdaʊtləs ˈɔːlsoʊ ðə ˈriːzən waɪ ˈhævɪŋ left ˈɪŋɡlənd ðeɪ roʊt tuː ʌs noʊ mɔːr ˈkerfəli kənˈsiːlɪŋ frʌm ʌs ˈiːvɪn ðer ˈædres soʊ ðæt wen maɪ ˈmʌðər daɪd maɪ ˈfɑːðər wɑːz əˈneɪbəl tuː kəˈmjuːnəkeɪt wɪð ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

comprehensive adjective US /ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv/

including all or everything

From this reading “CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.”

poignancy noun US /ˈpɔɪnjənsi/

a state of deeply felt distress or sorrow

From this reading “This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.”

speculations noun US /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.”

surety noun US /ˈʃʊrəti/

something clearly established

From this reading “I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.”

uncles noun US /ˈʌŋkəlz/

plural of “uncle” — the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading “I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.”

unhappiness noun US /ənˈhæpinɪs/

emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being

From this reading “This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.”

unsuccessful adjective US /ˌʌnsəkˈsesfəl/

not successful; having failed or having an unfavorable outcome

From this reading “I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.”

weighted adjective US /ˈweɪtɪd/

made heavy or weighted down with weariness

From this reading “CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

addedverbUS /ˈædəd/

past form of “add” — make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

addressverbUS /ˈædres/

speak to

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

believeverbUS /bɪˈliːv/

accept as true; take to be true

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

CERTAINLYadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

communicateverbUS /kəˈmjuːnəkeɪt/

transmit information

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

comprehensiveadjectiveUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhensɪv/

including all or everything

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

concealingnounUS /kənˈsiːlɪŋ/

the activity of keeping something secret

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

consequencenounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwəns/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

creditorsnounUS /ˈkredɪtərz/

plural of “creditor” — a person to whom money is owed by a debtor; someone to whom an obligation exists

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

disasternounUS /dɪˈzæstər/

a state of extreme (usually irremediable) ruin and misfortune

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

doubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

fataladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪtəl/

bringing death

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

illnessnounUS /ˈɪlnəs/

impairment of normal physiological function affecting part or all of an organism

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

knowingadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊɪŋ/

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

labours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

Mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

ParisnounUS /ˈperɪs/

the capital and largest city of France; and international center of culture and commerce

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

particularsnounUS /pərˈtɪkjələrz/

plural of “particular” — a fact about some part (as opposed to general)

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

poignancynounUS /ˈpɔɪnjənsi/

a state of deeply felt distress or sorrow

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

seventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

sister'snounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

possessive form of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

sorest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

speculationsnounUS /ˌspekjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “speculation” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

suretynounUS /ˈʃʊrəti/

something clearly established

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

unableadjectiveUS /əˈneɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) not having the necessary means or skill or know-how

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

unclesnounUS /ˈʌŋkəlz/

plural of “uncle” — the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

unhappinessnounUS /ənˈhæpinɪs/

emotions experienced when not in a state of well-being

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

unsuccessfuladjectiveUS /ˌʌnsəkˈsesfəl/

not successful; having failed or having an unfavorable outcome

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

weightedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

made heavy or weighted down with weariness

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I have never known the particulars of their ruin, but, I believe in consequence of A.'s unsuccessful speculations, and of the fact that E. had allowed the use of his name as a surety, both my uncles were obliged to fly from their creditors, and take refuge in Paris.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This happened just when our need was the sorest, and this, together with the poignancy of knowing that their sister's devoted labours for them had been all in vain, added to their unhappiness.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading It was doubtless also the reason why, having left England, they wrote to us no more, carefully concealing from us even their address, so that when my Mother died, my Father was unable to communicate with them.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading CERTAINLY the preceding year, the seventh of my life, had been weighted for us with comprehensive disaster.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading I have not yet mentioned that, at the beginning of my Mother's fatal illness, misfortune came upon her brothers.

Chapter 4 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments by Edmund Gosse holds 233 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments contain?

Chapter 4 holds 233 sentences of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments by Edmund Gosse exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 233 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2540, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 241 minutes of reading across 579 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments

Words and structures a reader meets early in Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Record
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Struggle
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Between
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Temperaments
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father and Son: A Study of Two Temperaments; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.