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Father Goriot
Father Goriot

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Father Goriot is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Father Goriot
Context Illustration Reading 1/37 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.
Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.
How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.
Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.
It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Father Goriot

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Father Goriot is here in full — 185 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/37 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.
/ðə tuː jʌŋ men went bæk tuː ðə ruːm wer ðə oʊld mæn wɑːz ˈlaɪɪŋ/
Line 2
Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.
Line 3
How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.
Line 4
Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.
Line 5
It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.
/ɪt wɑːz mɔːr ðæn ðə ˈstuːdənt kʊd ber ðə terz keɪm ˈɪntuː hɪz aɪz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attentively adverb US /əˈtentɪvli/

with attention; in an attentive manner

From this reading “Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.”

bending noun US /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading ““How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.”

distorted adjective US /dɪˈstɔːrtəd/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading “Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.”

Eugene noun US /juːˈdʒiːn/

Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)

From this reading “Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.”

feeble adjective US /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading “Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.”

livid adjective US /ˈlɪvɪd/

anemic looking from illness or emotion

From this reading “Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.”

recognize verb US /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading “Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.”

student noun US /ˈstuːdənt/

a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading “It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.”

All words in this reading · 55

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

attentivelyadverbUS /əˈtentɪvli/

with attention; in an attentive manner

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

bendingnounUS /ˈbendɪŋ/

movement that causes the formation of a curve

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

distortedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɔːrtəd/

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

dulladjectiveUS /dʌl/

lacking in liveliness or animation

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

EugenenounUS /juːˈdʒiːn/

Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

feebleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːbəl/

pathetically lacking in force or effectiveness

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

Goriot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

Goriot's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

lividadjectiveUS /ˈlɪvɪd/

anemic looking from illness or emotion

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

pallet-bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

papanounUS /ˈpɑːpʌ/

an informal term for a father; probably derived from baby talk

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

recognizeverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

accept (someone) to be what is claimed or accept his power and authority

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

startledadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtəld/

excited by sudden surprise or alarm and making a quick involuntary movement

From this reading Eugene was startled at the change in Goriot’s face, so livid, distorted, and feeble.

studentnounUS /ˈstuːdənt/

a learner who is enrolled in an educational institution

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It was more than the student could bear; the tears came into his eyes.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Goriot turned his dull eyes upon Eugene, looked at him attentively, and did not recognize him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “How are you, papa?” he said, bending over the pallet-bed.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading The two young men went back to the room where the old man was lying.

Chapter 31 of Father Goriot by Honoré de Balzac holds 185 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Father Goriot contain?

Chapter 31 holds 185 sentences of Father Goriot, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Father Goriot by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 185 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Father Goriot?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Father Goriot

Common questions about reading Father Goriot by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Father Goriot?

Yes. All 5569 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1237 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Father Goriot is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1237, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Father Goriot take to read?

About 464 minutes of reading across 1114 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Father Goriot section by section

How to work through Father Goriot section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Father Goriot to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Father Goriot

Words and structures a reader meets early in Father Goriot, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geoffroy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-hilaire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.