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Father Goriot
Father Goriot

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of Father Goriot is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Father Goriot
Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.
Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.
The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.
They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.
Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Father Goriot

Chapter XXXIV · Chapter 34

Chapter 34 of Father Goriot is here in full — 156 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.
/tuː wɜːrdz tuː ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjələt ˈmɜːrmərz ʃeɪpt ˈɪntuː wɜːrdz baɪ ðə soʊl wɪtʃ fled fɔːrθ wɪð ðem æz ðeɪ left hɪz lɪps/
Line 2
Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.
Line 3
The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.
/ðə ˈfɑːðərz læst breθ mʌst hæv bɪn ə saɪ ʌv dʒɔɪ ənd ɪn ðæt saɪ hɪz hoʊl laɪf wɑːz sʌmd ʌp hiː wɑːz ˈtʃiːtəd ˈiːvɪn æt ðə læst/
Line 4
They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.
Line 5
Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cerebral adjective US /ˈserəbrəl/

involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct

From this reading “Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.”

cheated verb US /ˈtʃiːtəd/

past form of “cheat” — deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading “The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.”

distinguishes verb US /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪz/

third-person singular of “distinguish” — mark as different

From this reading “Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.”

inarticulate adjective US /ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjələt/

without or deprived of the use of speech or words

From this reading “Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.”

mechanism noun US /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading “Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.”

murmurs noun US /ˈmɜːrmərz/

plural of “murmur” — a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading “Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.”

reverent adjective US /ˈrevərənt/

feeling or showing profound respect or veneration

From this reading “They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.”

summed verb US /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading “The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

cerebraladjectiveUS /ˈserəbrəl/

involving intelligence rather than emotions or instinct

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

cheatedverbUS /ˈtʃiːtəd/

past form of “cheat” — deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

consciousnessnounUS /ˈkɑːnʃəsnəs/

an alert cognitive state in which you are aware of yourself and your situation

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

destroyedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrɔɪd/

spoiled or ruined or demolished

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

distinguishesverbUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃɪz/

third-person singular of “distinguish” — mark as different

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

exclamationnounUS /ˌekskləˈmeɪʃən/

an abrupt excited utterance

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

extinguishedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

of a conditioned response; caused to die out because of the absence or withdrawal of reinforcement

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

FathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

father'snounUS /ˈfɑːðərz/

possessive form of “father” — a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

ghastlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstli/

shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

goingnounUS /ˈɡoʊɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

Goriot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

heightnounUS /haɪt/

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

inarticulateadjectiveUS /ˌɪnɑːrˈtɪkjələt/

without or deprived of the use of speech or words

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

involuntaryadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvɑːlənteri/

not subject to the control of the will

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

machinenounUS /məˈʃiːn/

any mechanical or electrical device that transmits or modifies energy to perform or assist in the performance of human tasks

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

mechanismnounUS /ˈmekənɪzəm/

the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

meltedadjectiveUS /ˈmeltəd/

changed from a solid to a liquid state

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

murmursnounUS /ˈmɜːrmərz/

plural of “murmur” — a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

painfuladjectiveUS /ˈpeɪnfəl/

causing physical or psychological pain

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

PooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

reverentadjectiveUS /ˈrevərənt/

feeling or showing profound respect or veneration

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

shapedadjectiveUS /ʃeɪpt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

sighverbUS /saɪ/

heave or utter a sigh; breathe deeply and heavily

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

struggleverbUS /ˈstrʌɡəl/

make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

sublimeadjectiveUS /səˈblaɪm/

inspiring awe

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

summedverbUS /sʌmd/

inflected form of “sum” — be a summary of

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

Sylvie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

Thenceforward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Poor dear!” cried Sylvie, melted by that exclamation; the expression of the great love raised for the last time to a sublime height by that most ghastly and involuntary of lies.

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The father’s last breath must have been a sigh of joy, and in that sigh his whole life was summed up; he was cheated even at the last.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Two words, two inarticulate murmurs, shaped into words by the soul which fled forth with them as they left his lips.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Thenceforward there was no expression on his face, only the painful traces of the struggle between life and death that was going on in the machine; for that kind of cerebral consciousness that distinguishes between pleasure and pain in a human being was extinguished; it was only a question of time--and the mechanism itself would be destroyed.

wretchedadjectiveUS /ˈretʃɪd/

of very poor quality or condition

From this reading They laid Father Goriot upon his wretched bed with reverent hands.

Chapter 34 of Father Goriot by Honoré de Balzac holds 156 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 34 of Father Goriot contain?

Chapter 34 holds 156 sentences of Father Goriot, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 34 of Father Goriot by Honoré de Balzac exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 156 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 34 of Father Goriot?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 34 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 34 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Father Goriot

Common questions about reading Father Goriot by Honoré de Balzac on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Father Goriot?

Yes. All 5569 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1237 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Father Goriot is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1237, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Father Goriot take to read?

About 464 minutes of reading across 1114 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Father Goriot section by section

How to work through Father Goriot section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 34 chapters of Father Goriot to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Father Goriot

Words and structures a reader meets early in Father Goriot, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Great
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrious
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geoffroy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Saint-hilaire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Father Goriot; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.