Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Fathers and Sons
Fathers and Sons

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fathers and Sons
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.
In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.
The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.
The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.
Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fathers and Sons

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.
Line 2
In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.
/ɪn ˈrʌʃə ˌɪtˈself ðə ɪˈfekt ʌv ðə ˈstɔːri wɑːz əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/
Line 3
The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.
Line 4
The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.
Line 5
Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aristocrats noun US /ərˈɪstəkræts/

plural of “aristocrat” — a member of the aristocracy

From this reading “The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.”

fared verb US /ferd/

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading “The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.”

Hogarth noun US /ˈhoʊɡɑːrθ/

English artist noted for a series of engravings that satirized the affectations of his time (1697-1764)

From this reading “Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.”

ire noun US /aɪr/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading “Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.”

masterly adjective US /ˈmæstərli/

having or revealing supreme mastery or skill

From this reading “Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.”

Nihilism noun US /ˈnaɪəlɪzəm/

a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake

From this reading “Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.”

resented verb US /riˈzentɪd/

past form of “resent” — feel bitter or indignant about

From this reading “The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.”

travesty noun US /ˈtrævəsti/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading “The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Translated from verb + particle counted as “translate from”

In this reading “Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

angrilyadverbUS /ˈæŋɡrəli/

with anger

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

aristocratsnounUS /ərˈɪstəkræts/

plural of “aristocrat” — a member of the aristocracy

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

astonishingadjectiveUS /əˈstɑːnɪʃɪŋ/

surprising greatly

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

backwoodsmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

Bazarov

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

expressverbUS /ɪkˈspres/

give expression to

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

faredverbUS /ferd/

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

HogarthnounUS /ˈhoʊɡɑːrθ/

English artist noted for a series of engravings that satirized the affectations of his time (1697-1764)

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

irenounUS /aɪr/

a strong emotion; a feeling that is oriented toward some real or supposed grievance

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

masterlyadjectiveUS /ˈmæstərli/

having or revealing supreme mastery or skill

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

NihilismnounUS /ˈnaɪəlɪzəm/

a revolutionary doctrine that advocates destruction of the social system for its own sake

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

portraitnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrət/

a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

portraitsnounUS /ˈpɔːrtrəts/

plural of “portrait” — a word picture of a person's appearance and character

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

resentedverbUS /riˈzentɪd/

past form of “resent” — feel bitter or indignant about

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading The portraits of the "backwoodsmen," or retired aristocrats, fared no better.

rousedverbUS /raʊzd/

past form of “rouse” — become active

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

surelyadverbUS /ˈʃʊrli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

taughtverbUS /tɔːt/

inflected form of “teach” — impart skills or knowledge to

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Turgenev had indeed roused the ire of both sides, only too surely.

TranslatedverbUS /trænzˈleɪtɪd/

past form of “translate” — restate (words) from one language into another language

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

travestynounUS /ˈtrævəsti/

a comedy characterized by broad satire and improbable situations

From this reading The portrait of Bazarov was immediately and angrily resented as a cold travesty.

Turgenevnoun

Russian writer of stories and novels and plays (1818-1883)

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

unromanticadjective

neither expressive of nor exciting sexual love or romance

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In Russia itself the effect of the story was astonishing.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Translated from the Russian by C.J. Hogarth In this masterly unromantic novel, Turgenev drew a character, Bazarov, who served to express what he taught us to call Nihilism, and made a movement into a man.

Chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons contain?

Chapter 1 holds 414 sentences of Fathers and Sons, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Fathers and Sons?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fathers and Sons

Common questions about reading Fathers and Sons by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fathers and Sons?

Yes. All 4982 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47935 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fathers and Sons is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47935, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fathers and Sons take to read?

About 415 minutes of reading across 997 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fathers and Sons section by section

How to work through Fathers and Sons section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Fathers and Sons to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fathers and Sons

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fathers and Sons, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fathers and Sons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Russian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fathers and Sons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hogarth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fathers and Sons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Masterly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fathers and Sons; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.