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Felicitas
Felicitas

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Felicitas is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Felicitas
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.
Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.
The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.
At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.
He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Felicitas

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Felicitas is here in full — 93 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.
Line 2
Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.
Line 3
The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.
Line 4
At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.
/æt ðə ɡeɪt hiː wɑːz met baɪ ə senˈtʊriən ʌv ðə ˈtrɪbjuːn ˈliːoʊ hæd ɔːlˈredi siːn frʌm ðə ˈkæpɪtəl ðə ˈhɔːrsmən ˈswɔːrmɪŋ aʊt ʌv ðə ˈwestərn ˈfɔːrəst/
Line 5
He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.
/hiː sent wɜːrd ðer wɜːr ˈoʊnli əˈbaʊt ə ˈhʌndrəd ˈdʒɜːrmənz hiː wʊd hɪmˈself ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli led hɪz ˈkævəlri tuː ðə ɡeɪts fɔːr hiː wɑːz ˈeɪbəl əˈɡen tuː maʊnt hɪz hɔːrs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Capitol noun US /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

centurion noun US /senˈtʊriən/

(ancient Rome) the leader of 100 soldiers

From this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

exertion noun US /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən/

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading “The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.”

helmet noun US /ˈhelmət/

armor plate that protects the head

From this reading “The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.”

Leo noun US /ˈliːoʊ/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Leo

From this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

swarming verb US /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

Tribune noun US /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

vertically adverb US /ˈvɜːrtɪkli/

in a vertical direction

From this reading “The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

burning rays noun + noun counted as “burning ray”

In this reading “The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.”

high wall adjective + noun

In this reading “Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.”

sent word noun + noun

In this reading “He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.”

At the gate preposition + article + noun counted as “at … gate”

In this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

about a hundred preposition + article + noun counted as “about … hundred”

In this reading “He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.”

met by verb + particle counted as “meet by”

In this reading “At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

AccompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

attendantsnounUS /əˈtendənts/

plural of “attendant” — someone who waits on or tends to or attends to the needs of another

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

bathnounUS /bæθ/

a vessel containing liquid in which something is immersed (as to process it or to maintain it at a constant temperature or to lubricate it)

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

CapitolnounUS /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

cavalrynounUS /ˈkævəlri/

troops trained to fight on horseback

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

centurionnounUS /senˈtʊriən/

(ancient Rome) the leader of 100 soldiers

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

Cornelius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

exertionnounUS /ɪɡˈzɜːrʃən/

use of physical or mental energy; hard work

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

GermansnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmənz/

plural of “german” — a person of German nationality

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

hastenedverbUS /ˈheɪsənd/

past form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

helmetnounUS /ˈhelmət/

armor plate that protects the head

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

leadverbUS /led/

take somebody somewhere

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

LeonounUS /ˈliːoʊ/

(astrology) a person who is born while the sun is in Leo

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

messengernounUS /ˈmesəndʒər/

a person who carries a message

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

mid-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

mountverbUS /maʊnt/

attach to a support

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

Severus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

swarmingverbUS /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

TribunenounUS /ˈtrɪbjuːn/

(ancient Rome) an official elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

verticallyadverbUS /ˈvɜːrtɪkli/

in a vertical direction

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The exertion made him very hot, for it was now mid-day; the burning rays of the sun fell vertically on his heavy helmet.

Vindelician

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

wallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading At the gate he was met by a centurion of the Tribune; Leo had already seen from the Capitol the horsemen swarming out of the western forest.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Accompanied by Cornelius he hastened to the Vindelician gate, there to mount the high wall, which afforded a prospect far and wide.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With the help of the messenger and the bath attendants, Severus was quickly armed.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He sent word there were only about a hundred Germans: he would himself immediately lead his cavalry to the gates, for he was able again to mount his horse.

Chapter 8 of Felicitas by Felix Dahn holds 93 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Felicitas contain?

Chapter 8 holds 93 sentences of Felicitas, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Felicitas by Felix Dahn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 93 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Felicitas?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Felicitas

Common questions about reading Felicitas by Felix Dahn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Felicitas?

Yes. All 2412 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32222 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Felicitas is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32222, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Felicitas take to read?

About 201 minutes of reading across 483 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Felicitas section by section

How to work through Felicitas section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Felicitas to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Felicitas

Words and structures a reader meets early in Felicitas, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Translated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Felicitas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
German
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Felicitas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Charles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Felicitas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dickens
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Felicitas; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.