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Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse
Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!
+The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.
ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.
Lithe and listen, Gentlemen!
And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!
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/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse is here in full — 360 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!
/ðʌs ðen helpt hɪm ɡʊd ˈrɑːbən ðə naɪt ɔːl ʌv hɪz ker ɡɑːd ðæt sɪts ɪn ˈhevən haɪ ɡrænt ʌs wel tuː fer/
Line 2
+The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.
Line 3
ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.
/ˈrɑːbən hʊd ənd hɪz ˈmeri men dweld stɪl fʊl ˈmeni ə deɪ/
Line 4
Lithe and listen, Gentlemen!
/laɪð ənd ˈlɪsən ˈdʒentəlmɪn/
Line 5
And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

alder noun US /ˈɔːldər/

wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc

From this reading “And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!”

archers noun US /ˈɑːrtʃərz/

plural of “archer” — a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading “And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!”

Dwelled verb US /dweld/

past form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading “ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.”

fare noun US /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading “Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!”

hood noun US /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading “ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.”

Lithe adjective US /laɪð/

gracefully thin and bending and moving with ease

From this reading “Lithe and listen, Gentlemen!”

Sheriff noun US /ˈʃerəf/

the principal law-enforcement officer in a county

From this reading “And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!”

sits verb US /sɪts/

third-person singular of “sit” — be seated

From this reading “Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

merry men adjective + noun

In this reading “ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.”

bear away verb + particle

remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state

In this reading “And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!”

in heaven preposition + noun

In this reading “Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!”

come upon verb + particle

find unexpectedly

In this reading “And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!”

sits in verb + particle counted as “sit in”

attend as a visitor

In this reading “Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

aldernounUS /ˈɔːldər/

wood of any of various alder trees; resistant to underwater rot; used for bridges etc

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

archersnounUS /ˈɑːrtʃərz/

plural of “archer” — a person who is expert in the use of a bow and arrow

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

cryverbUS /kraɪ/

utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

Didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

DwelledverbUS /dweld/

past form of “dwell” — think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

farenounUS /fer/

an agenda of things to do

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

fifthnounUS /fɪfθ/

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

fytte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

GentlemennounUS /ˈdʒentəlmɪn/

plural of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading Lithe and listen, Gentlemen!

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

GrantverbUS /ɡrænt/

let have

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

hearkenverb

listen; used mostly in the imperative

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

heavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

helpedverbUS /helpt/

past form of “help” — give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

HOODnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

KnightnounUS /naɪt/

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

listenverbUS /ˈlɪsən/

hear with intention

From this reading Lithe and listen, Gentlemen!

LitheadjectiveUS /laɪð/

gracefully thin and bending and moving with ease

From this reading Lithe and listen, Gentlemen!

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

NOTTINGHAM

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

PlayverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

ROBINnounUS /ˈrɑːbən/

small Old World songbird with a reddish breast

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

SheriffnounUS /ˈʃerəf/

the principal law-enforcement officer in a county

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

shooteth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

Shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

sitsverbUS /sɪts/

third-person singular of “sit” — be seated

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading ROBIN HOOD and his merry men Dwelled still full many a day.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Thus then helped him, good ROBIN, The Knight all of his care: God that sits in heaven high Grant us well to fare!

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading And hearken what I shall say, How the proud Sheriff of NOTTINGHAM Did cry a full fair Play, That all the best archers of the North Should come upon a day; And he that shooteth alder best, The game shall bear away!

ytake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +The fifth fytte.+ Now hath the Knight his leave ytake, And went him on his way.

Chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse by Alfred W. (Alfred William) [Commentator] Pollard holds 360 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse contain?

Chapter 4 holds 360 sentences of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse by Alfred W. (Alfred William) [Commentator] Pollard exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 360 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse?

Yes. All 4208 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #30851 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #30851, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse take to read?

About 350 minutes of reading across 842 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Contents
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Appears
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fifteenth Century Prose and Verse; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.