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Fighting in France
Fighting in France

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Fighting in France is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.
Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.
The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.
The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.
An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fighting in France

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Fighting in France is here in full — 111 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.
Line 2
Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.
Line 3
The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.
Line 4
The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.
Line 5
An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.
/æn ˈeɪvieɪtər mʌst noʊ baɪ ðə saʊnd dʒʌst wʌt ɪz rɔːŋ wɪð hɪz ˈmoʊtər ðer ɪz noʊ tʃæns tuː sɜːrtʃ fɔːr ðə kɑːz ʌv ðə ˈtrʌbəl wen juː ɑːr ə maɪl ɔːr tuː əˈbʌv ɡraʊnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aviator noun US /ˈeɪvieɪtər/

someone who operates an aircraft

From this reading “Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.”

biting adjective US /ˈbaɪtɪŋ/

capable of wounding

From this reading “Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.”

defect noun US /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading “The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.”

driver's noun US /ˈdraɪvərz/

possessive form of “driver” — the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading “OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.”

Leon noun US /ˈliːɑːn/

a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

From this reading “OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.”

rim noun US /rɪm/

the shape of a raised edge of a more or less circular object

From this reading “The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.”

trenches noun US /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading “OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.”

whirring noun US /ˈwɜːrɪŋ/

sound of something in rapid motion

From this reading “The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

appearingnounUS /əˈpɪrɪŋ/

formal attendance (in court or at a hearing) of a party in an action

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

aviatornounUS /ˈeɪvieɪtər/

someone who operates an aircraft

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

aviator's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

bitingadjectiveUS /ˈbaɪtɪŋ/

capable of wounding

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

boardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

buttonnounUS /ˈbʌtən/

a round fastener sewn to shirts and coats etc to fit through buttonholes

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

chancenounUS /tʃæns/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

coatnounUS /koʊt/

an outer garment that has sleeves and covers the body from shoulder down; worn outdoors

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

defectnounUS /ˈdiːfekt/

an imperfection in a bodily system

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

driver'snounUS /ˈdraɪvərz/

possessive form of “driver” — the operator of a motor vehicle

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

earsnounUS /ɪrz/

plural of “ear” — the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

enginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

glovesnounUS /ɡlʌvz/

plural of “glove” — the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

hoodnounUS /hʊd/

an aggressive and violent young criminal

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

intentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtentli/

with strained or eager attention

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

Jacques

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

LeonnounUS /ˈliːɑːn/

a historical area and former kingdom in northwestern Spain

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

listenedverbUS /ˈlɪsənd/

past form of “listen” — hear with intention

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

milenounUS /maɪl/

a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

OVERprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

pilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

pressedadjectiveUS /prest/

compacted by ironing

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

promisedverbUS /ˈprɑːməst/

past form of “promise” — make a promise or commitment

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

rimnounUS /rɪm/

the shape of a raised edge of a more or less circular object

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

roaredverbUS /rɔːrd/

past form of “roar” — make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

self-starternoun

an energetic person with unusual initiative

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

TRENCHESnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

warmadjectiveUS /wɔːrm/

having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading OVER THE TRENCHES A few moments later Jacques was in the driver's seat and Leon and Earl had taken their places on board.

well-trained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The engine roared and the pilot listened intently for any sound of defect to come to his well-trained ear.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

whirringnounUS /ˈwɜːrɪŋ/

sound of something in rapid motion

From this reading The top rim of the sun was just appearing over the edge of the trees as Jacques pressed the button which set the self-starter whirring.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Every boy was dressed in a heavy coat and an aviator's hood, with protection for the ears and face; warm gloves were on their hands, for it promised to be biting cold in the high air that day.

wrongadjectiveUS /rɔːŋ/

not correct; not in conformity with fact or truth

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading An aviator must know by the sound just what is wrong with his motor; there is no chance to search for the cause of the trouble when you are a mile or two above ground.

Chapter 19 of Fighting in France by Ross Kay holds 111 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Fighting in France contain?

Chapter 19 holds 111 sentences of Fighting in France, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Fighting in France by Ross Kay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 111 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Fighting in France?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fighting in France

Common questions about reading Fighting in France by Ross Kay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fighting in France?

Yes. All 3321 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #20995 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fighting in France is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #20995, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fighting in France take to read?

About 276 minutes of reading across 665 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fighting in France section by section

How to work through Fighting in France section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Fighting in France to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fighting in France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fighting in France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Looks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting in France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Going
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting in France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fight
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting in France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Around
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting in France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.