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Fighting Joe
Fighting Joe

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Fighting Joe is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.
THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.
They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.
Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.
It was not easy to mistake their character.
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fighting Joe

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Fighting Joe is here in full — 146 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.
/ə ˈskɜːrmɪʃ ɑːn ðə roʊd/
Line 2
THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.
Line 3
They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.
/ðeɪ wɜːr drest ɪn ə ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs ˈmænər ðer kloʊðz ˈbiːɪŋ ˈpɑːrtli səˈvɪljən ənd ˈpɑːrtli ˈmɪləteri/
Line 4
Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.
/ˈpɔːrʃənz ʌv ðer ɡɑːrb wɜːr nuː ənd ˈprɑːbəbliː æt noʊ ˈdɪstənt ˈpɪriəd hæd bɪn pɑːrt ʌv ðə stɑːk ɪn treɪd ʌv sʌm ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs ˈkloʊðjər ɪn wʌn ʌv ðə ˌɪnˈveɪdəd taʊnz ənd ˈpɔːrʃənz wɜːr ˈfeɪdəd ənd dəˈlæpədeɪtɪd ˈberɪŋ ðə ˈtreɪsəz ʌv ə səˈvɪr mɑːrtʃ θruː ðə sɑːft mʌd ʌv vərˈdʒɪnjə/
Line 5
It was not easy to mistake their character.
/ɪt wɑːz nɑːt ˈiːzi tuː mɪˈsteɪk ðer ˈkerɪktər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

civilian noun US /səˈvɪljən/

a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading “They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.”

clothier noun US /ˈkloʊðjər/

a merchant who sells men's clothing

From this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

dilapidated adjective US /dəˈlæpədeɪtɪd/

in deplorable condition

From this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

garb noun US /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

industrious adjective US /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

invaded verb US /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

miscellaneous adjective US /ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading “They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.”

skirmish noun US /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading “A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

attracted the attention verb + article + noun counted as “attract … attention”

In this reading “THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.”

soft mud adjective + noun

In this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

distant period adjective + noun

In this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

ON THE ROAD preposition + article + noun counted as “on … road”

travelling about

In this reading “A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.”

march through verb + particle

In this reading “Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

attractedverbUS /əˈtræktɪd/

past form of “attract” — direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

civiliannounUS /səˈvɪljən/

a nonmilitary citizen

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

clothiernounUS /ˈkloʊðjər/

a merchant who sells men's clothing

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

dilapidatedadjectiveUS /dəˈlæpədeɪtɪd/

in deplorable condition

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

garbnounUS /ɡɑːrb/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

hard-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

horsemennounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

plural of “horseman” — a man skilled in equitation

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

marchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

miscellaneousadjectiveUS /ˌmɪsəˈleɪniəs/

consisting of a haphazard assortment of different kinds

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

mistakenounUS /mɪˈsteɪk/

a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

PortionsnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃənz/

plural of “portion” — something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

ROADnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

SKIRMISHnounUS /ˈskɜːrmɪʃ/

a minor short-term fight

From this reading A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

Somers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

stocknounUS /stɑːk/

the capital raised by a corporation through the issue of shares entitling holders to an ownership interest

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A SKIRMISH ON THE ROAD.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were dressed in a miscellaneous manner, their clothes being partly civilian and partly military.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Portions of their garb were new, and probably at no distant period had been part of the stock in trade of some industrious clothier in one of the invaded towns; and portions were faded and dilapidated, bearing the traces of a severe march through the soft mud of Virginia.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was not easy to mistake their character.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE horsemen who had attracted the attention of Captain Somers were hard-looking fellows.

Chapter 3 of Fighting Joe by Oliver Optic holds 146 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Fighting Joe contain?

Chapter 3 holds 146 sentences of Fighting Joe, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Fighting Joe by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 146 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Fighting Joe?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fighting Joe

Common questions about reading Fighting Joe by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fighting Joe?

Yes. All 4059 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59429 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fighting Joe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59429, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fighting Joe take to read?

About 338 minutes of reading across 812 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fighting Joe section by section

How to work through Fighting Joe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Fighting Joe to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fighting Joe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fighting Joe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Staff
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Officer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.