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Fighting Joe
Fighting Joe

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Fighting Joe is here in full — 267 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Fighting Joe
Context Illustration Reading 1/53 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
MAJOR SOMERS AND FRIENDS.
SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.
Fighting Joe was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.
The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.
The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Fighting Joe

Chapter XXXI

Chapter 31 of Fighting Joe is here in full — 267 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MAJOR SOMERS AND FRIENDS.
Line 2
SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.
Line 3
Fighting Joewas no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.
Line 4
The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.
Line 5
The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.
/ðə tɜːrm ʌv ˈsɜːrvəs ʌv ðə ˈmeɪdʒərz ˈredʒəmənt hæd ɪkˈspaɪrd ənd ɪt hæd bɪn sent hoʊm ənd ˈmʌstərd aʊt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ablest adjective US /ˈeɪbəlst/

superlative of “able” — (usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading “The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.”

Banyan noun US /ˈbænjən/

East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks

From this reading “SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.”

defenders noun US /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading “The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.”

enroll verb US /enˈroʊl/

register formally as a participant or member

From this reading “The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.”

expired adjective US /ɪkˈspaɪrd/

having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time

From this reading “The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.”

major's noun US /ˈmeɪdʒərz/

possessive form of “major” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain

Monroe noun US /mənˈroʊ/

United States film actress noted for sex appeal (1926-1962)

From this reading “SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.”

mustered verb US /ˈmʌstərd/

past form of “muster” — gather or bring together

From this reading “The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

present generation verb + noun

In this reading “The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.”

sent home noun + noun

In this reading “The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.”

proceeded from verb + particle counted as “proceed from”

In this reading “SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.”

in the field preposition + article + noun counted as “in … field”

In this reading ““Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.”

by the way preposition + article + noun counted as “by … way”

introducing a different topic

In this reading “SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

ablestadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəlst/

superlative of “able” — (usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

activeadjectiveUS /ˈæktɪv/

tending to become more severe or wider in scope

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MAJOR SOMERS AND FRIENDS.

BanyannounUS /ˈbænjən/

East Indian tree that puts out aerial shoots that grow down into the soil forming additional trunks

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

bravestadjectiveUS /ˈbreɪvəst/

superlative of “brave” — possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

defendersnounUS /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

doughty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

efficientadjectiveUS /ɪˈfɪʃənt/

being effective without wasting time or effort or expense

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

enrollverbUS /enˈroʊl/

register formally as a participant or member

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

expiredadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspaɪrd/

having come to an end or become void after passage of a period of time

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

FightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

FortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

FRIENDSnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading MAJOR SOMERS AND FRIENDS.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

gratefullyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtfəli/

with appreciation; in a grateful manner

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

Joe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

MAJORadjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading MAJOR SOMERS AND FRIENDS.

major'snounUS /ˈmeɪdʒərz/

possessive form of “major” — a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines; below lieutenant colonel and above captain

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

MonroenounUS /mənˈroʊ/

United States film actress noted for sex appeal (1926-1962)

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

musteredverbUS /ˈmʌstərd/

past form of “muster” — gather or bring together

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

operationsnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈeɪʃənz/

financial transactions at a brokerage; having to do with the execution of trades and keeping customer records

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

PortnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

posteritynounUS /pɑːˈsterəti/

all of the offspring of a given progenitor

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

regimentverbUS /ˈredʒəmənt/

subject to rigid discipline, order, and systematization

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

resignedverbUS /rɪˈzaɪnd/

past form of “resign” — leave (a job, post, or position) voluntarily

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

SOMERS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading MAJOR SOMERS AND FRIENDS.

staffnounUS /stæf/

personnel who assist their superior in carrying out an assigned task

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading The term of service of the major’s regiment had expired, and it had been sent home, and mustered out.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

UnionnounUS /ˈjuːnjən/

an organization of employees formed to bargain with the employer

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Fighting Joe” was no longer in the field of active operations, and our officers resigned their positions on the staff.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading SOMERS and De Banyan proceeded from Port Royal to Washington, by the way of Fortress Monroe.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading The doughty general had won the admiration of the nation; the present generation will gratefully remember his efficient services, and posterity will enroll his name among the ablest and bravest defenders of the Union.

Chapter 31 of Fighting Joe by Oliver Optic holds 267 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Fighting Joe contain?

Chapter 31 holds 267 sentences of Fighting Joe, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Fighting Joe by Oliver Optic exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 267 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Fighting Joe?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Fighting Joe

Common questions about reading Fighting Joe by Oliver Optic on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Fighting Joe?

Yes. All 4059 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #59429 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Fighting Joe is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #59429, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Fighting Joe take to read?

About 338 minutes of reading across 812 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Fighting Joe section by section

How to work through Fighting Joe section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 31 chapters of Fighting Joe to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Fighting Joe

Words and structures a reader meets early in Fighting Joe, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fortunes
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Staff
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Officer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Fighting Joe; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.