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First and Last
First and Last

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of First and Last is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Yet,” said I, even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”
I see what you mean,” he said, musing, you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.
You are right.
But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.
I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

First and Last

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of First and Last is here in full — 414 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”
/jet sed aɪ ˈiːvɪn soʊ ðer mʌst hæv bɪn əˈkeɪʒənəl daɪˈvɜːrdʒənsɪz bɪˈtwiːn wʌt ðiːz ˈpiːpəl dɪd ənd wʌt ðə ˈneɪʃən ˈwɔːntɪd/
Line 2
I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.
/aɪ siː wʌt juː miːn hiː sed ˈmjuːzɪŋ juː miːn ðæt ɔːl ðə dɪˈvoʊʃən ɪn ðə wɜːrld ðə ˈpjʊrəst ʌv ˈmoʊtɪvz ənd ðə moʊst dɪˈvoʊtɪd sens ʌv ˈduːti kʊd nɑːt kiːp ðə ɪˈlektəd ˈɔːlweɪz ɪn ˈkɑːntækt wɪð ðə ɪˈlektərz/
Line 3
You are right.
/juː ɑːr raɪt/
Line 4
But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.
Line 5
I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”
/aɪ kæn rɪˈmɛm.bər noʊ ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt əˈkeɪʒən əˈpɑːn wɪtʃ ðə məˈʃiːnəri wɑːz nɑːt brɔːt ˈɪntuː juːs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

divergences noun US /daɪˈvɜːrdʒənsɪz/

plural of “divergence” — the act of moving away in different direction from a common point

From this reading ““Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.””

elected adjective US /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading ““I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.”

electors noun US /ɪˈlektərz/

plural of “elector” — a citizen who has a legal right to vote

From this reading ““I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.”

machinery noun US /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading “But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.”

measures noun US /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading “But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.”

motives noun US /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading ““I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.”

musing noun US /ˈmjuːzɪŋ/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading ““I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.”

purest adjective US /ˈpjʊrəst/

superlative of “pure” — free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading ““I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading You are right.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

contactnounUS /ˈkɑːntækt/

close interaction

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

devotedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊtɪd/

zealous in devotion or affection

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

devotionnounUS /dɪˈvoʊʃən/

feelings of ardent love

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

divergencesnounUS /daɪˈvɜːrdʒənsɪz/

plural of “divergence” — the act of moving away in different direction from a common point

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

electedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlektəd/

subject to popular election

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

electorsnounUS /ɪˈlektərz/

plural of “elector” — a citizen who has a legal right to vote

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

machinerynounUS /məˈʃiːnəri/

machines or machine systems collectively

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

measuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

motivesnounUS /ˈmoʊtɪvz/

plural of “motive” — the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behavior

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

musingnounUS /ˈmjuːzɪŋ/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

occasionaladjectiveUS /əˈkeɪʒənəl/

occurring from time to time

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

purestadjectiveUS /ˈpjʊrəst/

superlative of “pure” — free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

re-decided

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

rememberverbUS /rɪˈmɛm.bər/

To recall to mind.

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading You are right.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading I can remember no important occasion upon which the machinery was not brought into use.”

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading But you must remember that in every country there was a machinery, with regard to the most important measures at least, which could throw the matter before the electors to be re-decided.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “Yet,” said I, “even so there must have been occasional divergences between what these people did and what the nation wanted.”

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “I see what you mean,” he said, musing, “you mean that all the devotion in the world, the purest of motives and the most devoted sense of duty, could not keep the elected always in contact with the electors.

Chapter 2 of First and Last by Hilaire Belloc holds 414 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of First and Last contain?

Chapter 2 holds 414 sentences of First and Last, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of First and Last by Hilaire Belloc exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 414 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of First and Last?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading First and Last

Common questions about reading First and Last by Hilaire Belloc on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of First and Last?

Yes. All 2512 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7352 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of First and Last is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7352, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does First and Last take to read?

About 209 minutes of reading across 503 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read First and Last section by section

How to work through First and Last section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in First and Last

Words and structures a reader meets early in First and Last, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Personally
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First and Last; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Getting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First and Last; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Always
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First and Last; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Print
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First and Last; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.