Chapter 12 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter XII
Chapter 12 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK. ~1. The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body. They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs. Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
Chapter 12 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 28 sentences across 6 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/5 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis
From this reading “They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.”
a line that indicates a boundary
From this reading “They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.”
a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)
From this reading “They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.”
take greedily; take more than one's share
From this reading “Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.”
plural of “kidney” — either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine
From this reading “THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK.”
edible viscera of a butchered animal
From this reading “The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.”
plural of “rib” — support resembling the rib of an animal
From this reading “They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.”
woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat
From this reading “Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading ~1.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
surrounded by; in the middle of a group
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
a line that indicates a boundary
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
a sizeable hole (usually in the ground)
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
take greedily; take more than one's share
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
of great significance or value
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
plural of “kidney” — either of two bean-shaped excretory organs that filter wastes (especially urea) from the blood and excrete them and water in urine
From this reading THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK.
move something or somebody to a lower position
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
used to form the superlative
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
near in time or place or relationship
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
edible viscera of a butchered animal
From this reading The Kidneys.~--The kidneys are among the most important organs of the body.
by chance
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
plural of “rib” — support resembling the rib of an animal
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK.
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK.
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
below or beneath something; less than
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading They are in the cavity of the abdomen, near the back-bone, up under the lower border of the ribs.
exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity
From this reading THE KIDNEYS AND THEIR WORK.
the person or people being spoken to
From this reading Perhaps you have seen the kidneys of a sheep or a hog.
Chapter 12 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg holds 28 sentences, grouped into 6 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 12 holds 28 sentences of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene, unabridged, divided into 6 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 12 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 28 sentences, grouped into 6 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 6 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 6 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
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Project Gutenberg eBook #17367, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 247 minutes of reading across 594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through First Book in Physiology and Hygiene section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
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Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in First Book in Physiology and Hygiene, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
