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First Book in Physiology and Hygiene
First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for First Book in Physiology and Hygiene
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.
~1.
The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?
From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.
If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Chapter XIV · Chapter 14

Chapter 14 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.
Line 2
~1.
Line 3
The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?
Line 4
From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.
/frʌm ðə ˈbʊtʃər juː wɪl seɪ ənd ðə ˈbʊtʃər ɡets ðem frʌm ðə ʃiːp ənd ˈkætəl wɪtʃ hiː kɪlz/
Line 5
If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.
/ɪf juː wɪl klæsp jɔːr ɑːrm juː wɪl ˈnoʊtəs ðæt ðə boʊnz ɑːr ˈkʌvərd baɪ ə sɑːft ˈsʌbstəns ðə fleʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beefsteak noun US /ˈbiːfsteɪk/

a beef steak usually cooked by broiling

From this reading “The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?”

butcher verb US /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading “From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.”

clasp verb US /klæsp/

hold firmly and tightly

From this reading “If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.”

kills noun US /kɪlz/

plural of “kill” — the act of terminating a life

From this reading “From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.”

muscles noun US /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading “THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.”

obtain verb US /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading “The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?”

sheep noun US /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading “From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.”

substance noun US /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading “If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.”

All words in this reading · 43

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ~1.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

beefsteaknounUS /ˈbiːfsteɪk/

a beef steak usually cooked by broiling

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

bonesnounUS /boʊnz/

(used in the plural) a percussion instrument consisting of a pair of hollow pieces of wood or bone (usually held between the thumb and fingers) that are made to click together (as by Spanish dancers) in rhythm with the dance

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

butcherverbUS /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

cattlenounUS /ˈkætəl/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

claspverbUS /klæsp/

hold firmly and tightly

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

fleshnounUS /fleʃ/

the soft tissue of the body of a vertebrate: mainly muscle tissue and fat

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

killsnounUS /kɪlz/

plural of “kill” — the act of terminating a life

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

MUSCLESnounUS /ˈmʌsəlz/

plural of “muscle” — one of the contractile organs of the body

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

mutton-chops

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

THEMpronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

USEnounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

WEpronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE MUSCLES AND HOW WE USE THEM.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The Muscles.~--Where do people obtain the beefsteak and the mutton-chops which they eat for breakfast?

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading From the butcher, you will say; and the butcher gets them from the sheep and cattle which he kills.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you will clasp your arm you will notice that the bones are covered by a soft substance, the flesh.

Chapter 14 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene contain?

Chapter 14 holds 67 sentences of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Common questions about reading First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene?

Yes. All 2969 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17367 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17367, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does First Book in Physiology and Hygiene take to read?

About 247 minutes of reading across 594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read First Book in Physiology and Hygiene section by section

How to work through First Book in Physiology and Hygiene section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Words and structures a reader meets early in First Book in Physiology and Hygiene, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Parts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trunk
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Called
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.