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First Book in Physiology and Hygiene
First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/1 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].
Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.
Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?
What are the lacteals?
What is the thoracic duct?
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
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First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Chapter XXII · Chapter 22

Chapter 22 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is here in full — 5 sentences across 1 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/1 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].
Line 2
Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.
/dɪˈskraɪb ðə daɪˈdʒestʃən ʌv ə ˈmaʊθfʊl ʌv bred/
Line 3
Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?
/wer ɪz ðə fuːd ˈteɪkən ˈæftər ɪt hæz bɪn əbˈzɔːrbd/
Line 4
What are the lacteals?
/wʌt ɑːr ðə ˈlæktiːlz/
Line 5
What is the thoracic duct?
/wʌt ɪz ðə θɔːˈræsɪk dʌkt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

duct noun US /dʌkt/

a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance

From this reading “What is the thoracic duct?”

gastric adjective US /ˈɡæstrɪk/

relating to or involving the stomach

From this reading “different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].”

intestinal adjective US /ɪnˈtestənəl/

of or relating to or inside the intestines

From this reading “different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].”

intestines noun US /ˌɪnˈtestənz/

plural of “intestine” — the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

From this reading “different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].”

lacteals noun US /ˈlæktiːlz/

plural of “lacteal” — any of the lymphatic vessels that convey chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct

From this reading “What are the lacteals?”

pancreatic adjective US /ˌpænkriˈætɪk/

of or involving the pancreas

From this reading “different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].”

saliva noun US /səˈlaɪvə/

a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches

From this reading “different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].”

thoracic adjective US /θɔːˈræsɪk/

of or relating to the chest or thorax

From this reading “What is the thoracic duct?”

All words in this reading · 37

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.

absorbedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɔːrbd/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

absorptionnounUS /əbˈzɔːrpʃən/

(chemistry) a process in which one substance permeates another; a fluid permeates or is dissolved by a liquid or solid

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading What are the lacteals?

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

bilenounUS /baɪl/

a digestive juice secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder; aids in the digestion of fats

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

breadnounUS /bred/

food made from dough of flour or meal and usually raised with yeast or baking powder and then baked

From this reading Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.

DescribeverbUS /dɪˈskraɪb/

give a description of

From this reading Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

digestionnounUS /daɪˈdʒestʃən/

the process of decomposing organic matter (as in sewage) by bacteria or by chemical action or heat

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

ductnounUS /dʌkt/

a bodily passage or tube lined with epithelial cells and conveying a secretion or other substance

From this reading What is the thoracic duct?

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

gastricadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstrɪk/

relating to or involving the stomach

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

intestinaladjectiveUS /ɪnˈtestənəl/

of or relating to or inside the intestines

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

intestinesnounUS /ˌɪnˈtestənz/

plural of “intestine” — the part of the alimentary canal between the stomach and the anus

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

juicenounUS /dʒuːs/

the liquid part that can be extracted from plant or animal tissue by squeezing or cooking

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

lactealsnounUS /ˈlæktiːlz/

plural of “lacteal” — any of the lymphatic vessels that convey chyle from the small intestine to the thoracic duct

From this reading What are the lacteals?

livernounUS /ˈlɪvər/

large and complicated reddish-brown glandular organ located in the upper right portion of the abdominal cavity

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

masticationnoun

biting and grinding food in your mouth so it becomes soft enough to swallow

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

mouthfulnounUS /ˈmaʊθfʊl/

the quantity that can be held in the mouth

From this reading Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

pancreaticadjectiveUS /ˌpænkriˈætɪk/

of or involving the pancreas

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

processesnounUS /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

salivanounUS /səˈlaɪvə/

a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth; moistens the mouth and starts the digestion of starches

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

stomachnounUS /ˈstʌmək/

an enlarged and muscular saclike organ of the alimentary canal; the principal organ of digestion

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

swallowingverbUS /ˈswɑːloʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “swallow” — pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading different processes of digestion [mastication, action of saliva, swallowing, action of stomach and gastric juice, action of bile, action of pancreatic juice, action of intestines and intestinal juice, absorption, liver digestion].

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Describe the digestion of a mouthful of bread.

thoracicadjectiveUS /θɔːˈræsɪk/

of or relating to the chest or thorax

From this reading What is the thoracic duct?

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What are the lacteals?

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where is the food taken after it has been absorbed?

Chapter 22 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg holds 5 sentences, grouped into 1 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 22 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene contain?

Chapter 22 holds 5 sentences of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene, unabridged, divided into 1 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 22 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 5 sentences, grouped into 1 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 22 of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene?

Work through the 1 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 1 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 22 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 22 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Common questions about reading First Book in Physiology and Hygiene by John Harvey Kellogg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene?

Yes. All 2969 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #17367 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #17367, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does First Book in Physiology and Hygiene take to read?

About 247 minutes of reading across 594 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in First Book in Physiology and Hygiene

Words and structures a reader meets early in First Book in Physiology and Hygiene, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

General
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Parts
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Trunk
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Called
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Book in Physiology and Hygiene; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.