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First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners
First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
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FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.
LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.
PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.
1881.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.
/fɜːrst ˈlesənz ɪn ˈnætʃərəl fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi fɔːr bɪˈɡɪnərz/
Line 2
LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.
Line 3
PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.
Line 4
1881.
Line 5
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beginners noun US /bɪˈɡɪnərz/

plural of “beginner” — someone new to a field or activity

From this reading “FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.”

Congress noun US /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading “Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.”

grammar noun US /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading “LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.”

Librarian noun US /laɪˈbreriːən/

a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services

From this reading “Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.”

madison noun US /ˈmædəsən/

4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)

From this reading “LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.”

philadelphia noun US /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading “LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.”

schools noun US /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading “LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.”

Seventh adjective US /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading “PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Natural Philosophy adjective + noun

the science of matter and energy and their interactions

In this reading “FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.”

FIRST LESSONS adjective + noun counted as “first lesson”

In this reading “FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.”

Act of verb + particle

In this reading “Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.”

All words in this reading · 42

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

17

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

1872

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

1881

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1881.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

ActverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

BEGINNERSnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnərz/

plural of “beginner” — someone new to a field or activity

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

BROTHERnounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

CongressnounUS /ˈkɑːŋɡrəs/

the legislature of the United States government

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

ELDREDGE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

EnteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

FIRSTadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

GRAMMARnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

LATEadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

LESSONSnounUS /ˈlesənz/

plural of “lesson” — a unit of instruction

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

LibrariannounUS /laɪˈbreriːən/

a professional person trained in library science and engaged in library services

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

MADISONnounUS /ˈmædəsən/

4th President of the United States; member of the Continental Congress and rapporteur at the Constitutional Convention in 1776; helped frame the Bill of Rights (1751-1836)

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

NaturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

OfficenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

PHILADELPHIAnounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

PhilosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading FIRST LESSONS IN Natural Philosophy FOR BEGINNERS.

PRINCIPALnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

SCHOOLnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

SCHOOLSnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

SeventhadjectiveUS /ˈsevənθ/

coming next after the sixth and just before the eighth in position

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

STATESnounUS /steɪts/

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading PHILADELPHIA: ELDREDGE & BROTHER, No. 17 North Seventh Street.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

UNITEDadjectiveUS /juːˈnaɪtɪd/

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading LATE PRINCIPAL OF MADISON GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; AUTHOR OF A HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES FOR SCHOOLS, ETC.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1872, by ELDREDGE & BROTHER, in the Office of the Librarian of Congress at Washington.

Chapter 1 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale holds 18 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners contain?

Chapter 1 holds 18 sentences of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 18 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Common questions about reading First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners?

Yes. All 3205 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53778 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #53778, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners take to read?

About 267 minutes of reading across 641 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners

Words and structures a reader meets early in First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lessons
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Natural
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Philosophy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.