Chapter 2 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter II
Chapter 2 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Astronomy. The Earth and Other Planets. What is the shape of the Earth on which we live? It is round like a ball. What other names are given to the Earth?
Chapter 2 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 225 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
From this reading “Astronomy.”
round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games
From this reading “It is round like a ball.”
the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
From this reading “The Earth and Other Planets.”
acknowledged as a supposition
From this reading “What other names are given to the Earth?”
be an inhabitant of or reside in
From this reading “What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?”
verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument
From this reading “What other names are given to the Earth?”
plural of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light
From this reading “The Earth and Other Planets.”
any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)
From this reading “What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “The Earth and Other Planets.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading It is round like a ball.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading The Earth and Other Planets.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading What other names are given to the Earth?
the branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole
From this reading Astronomy.
round object that is hit or thrown or kicked in games
From this reading It is round like a ball.
the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on
From this reading The Earth and Other Planets.
acknowledged as a supposition
From this reading What other names are given to the Earth?
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It is round like a ball.
prefer or wish to do something
From this reading It is round like a ball.
be an inhabitant of or reside in
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument
From this reading What other names are given to the Earth?
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading The Earth and Other Planets.
plural of “planet” — (astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light
From this reading The Earth and Other Planets.
a charge of ammunition for a single shot
From this reading It is round like a ball.
any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading The Earth and Other Planets.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading What other names are given to the Earth?
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
used to ask for information about something
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading What is the shape of the Earth on which we live?
Chapter 2 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale holds 225 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 2 holds 225 sentences of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 2 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 225 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 3205 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53778 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #53778, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 267 minutes of reading across 641 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 12 chapters of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
