Chapter 3 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter III
Chapter 3 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Light. Color. In what way is the sun useful to us? It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see. Is it useful in any other way?
Chapter 3 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 344 sentences across 69 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/68 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect
From this reading “Color.”
plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length
From this reading “It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.”
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
From this reading “It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.”
of comparatively little physical weight or density
From this reading “Light.”
plural of “make” — a recognizable kind
From this reading “It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.”
the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
From this reading “In what way is the sun useful to us?”
being of use or service
From this reading “In what way is the sun useful to us?”
having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat
From this reading “It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “Is it useful in any other way?”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
one or some or every or all without specification
From this reading Is it useful in any other way?
to be able to, or to be allowed to
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect
From this reading Color.
plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
of comparatively little physical weight or density
From this reading Light.
plural of “make” — a recognizable kind
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading Is it useful in any other way?
perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
being of use or service
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
having or producing a comfortable and agreeable degree of heat or imparting or maintaining heat
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
used to ask for information about something
From this reading In what way is the sun useful to us?
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading It gives heat, which makes us warm, and it gives light, so that we can see.
Chapter 3 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale holds 344 sentences, grouped into 69 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 3 holds 344 sentences of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, unabridged, divided into 69 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 3 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 344 sentences, grouped into 69 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 69 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 69 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 3205 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53778 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #53778, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 267 minutes of reading across 641 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 12 chapters of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
