Chapter 8 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter VIII
Chapter 8 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Matter. In what form is all matter found? In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas. What is true of all solids? All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
Chapter 8 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
the capacity to understand a broad range of topics
From this reading “All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.”
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading “In what form is all matter found?”
the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity
From this reading “In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.”
the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place
From this reading “All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.”
existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow
From this reading “In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.”
characterized by good substantial quality
From this reading “In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.”
plural of “solid” — matter that is solid at room temperature and pressure
From this reading “What is true of all solids?”
the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width
From this reading “All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class
From this reading In what form is all matter found?
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
the capacity to understand a broad range of topics
From this reading All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something
From this reading In what form is all matter found?
set up or found
From this reading In what form is all matter found?
the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading In what form is all matter found?
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading In what form is all matter found?
the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place
From this reading All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
existing as or having characteristics of a liquid; especially tending to flow
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
a vaguely specified concern
From this reading Matter.
used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true
From this reading All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
characterized by good substantial quality
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
plural of “solid” — matter that is solid at room temperature and pressure
From this reading What is true of all solids?
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading In the form of a solid, a liquid, or a gas.
the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width
From this reading All solids must have length, breadth, and thickness.
consistent with fact or reality; not false
From this reading What is true of all solids?
used to ask for information about something
From this reading In what form is all matter found?
Chapter 8 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 8 holds 121 sentences of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 8 of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners by Joseph C. (Joseph Comly) Martindale on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 3205 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #53778 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #53778, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 267 minutes of reading across 641 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 12 chapters of First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in First Lessons in Natural Philosophy for Beginners, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
