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First on the Moon
First on the Moon

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of First on the Moon is here in full — 331 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for First on the Moon
Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.
Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.
Daybreak over the desert became a thunder of light.
Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.
Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

First on the Moon

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of First on the Moon is here in full — 331 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.
/ðə ɡreɪt red sʌn wɑːz dʒʌst ˈbreɪkɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdezərt hərˈaɪzən wen kræɡ ɡɑːt hɪz læst ɡʊd lʊk æt ɜːrθ/
Line 2
Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.
/ɪts reɪz ˈslæntɪd ˈʌpwərd ˈʃædoʊz fled frʌm ðə seɪdʒ ðə əbˈsɪdiən skaɪ wɪð ɪts struːn ˈdaɪməndz bɪˈkeɪm sleɪt ɡreɪ ənd ɪn ˈmoʊmənts ə peɪl wɑːʃt bluː/
Line 3
Daybreak over the desert became a thunder of light.
/ˈdeɪbreɪk ˈoʊvər ðə ˈdezərt bɪˈkeɪm ə ˈθʌndər ʌv laɪt/
Line 4
Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.
/ˈtaɪni ænts hæd riˈmuːvd ðə læst ʌv ðə ˈmetəl ˈfreɪmwɜːrk enˈkʌmpəsɪŋ ðə ˈrɑːkət/
Line 5
Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.
/ˈʌðər ænts wɜːr ˈvɪzəbəl ˈmeɪkɪŋ læst ˈmɪnət tʃiːks/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ants noun US /ænts/

plural of “ant” — social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading “Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.”

Crag noun US /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading “The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.”

encompassing adjective US /enˈkʌmpəsɪŋ/

broad in scope or content

From this reading “Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.”

framework noun US /ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading “Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.”

obsidian noun US /əbˈsɪdiən/

acid or granitic glass formed by the rapid cooling of lava without crystallization; usually dark, but transparent in thin pieces

From this reading “Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.”

rocket noun US /ˈrɑːkət/

any vehicle self-propelled by a rocket engine

From this reading “Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.”

slanted adjective US /ˈslæntɪd/

having an oblique or slanted direction

From this reading “Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.”

slate noun US /sleɪt/

(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading “Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

fled from verb + particle counted as “flee from”

In this reading “Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.”

look at verb + particle

take into consideration for exemplifying purposes

In this reading “The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.”

last minute adjective + noun

the latest possible moment

In this reading “Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

antsnounUS /ænts/

plural of “ant” — social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

breakingnounUS /ˈbreɪkɪŋ/

the act of breaking something

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

cheeksnounUS /tʃiːks/

plural of “cheek” — either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.

CragnounUS /kræɡ/

a steep rugged rock or cliff

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

DaybreaknounUS /ˈdeɪbreɪk/

the first light of day

From this reading Daybreak over the desert became a thunder of light.

desertverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

diamondsnounUS /ˈdaɪməndz/

plural of “diamond” — a transparent piece of diamond that has been cut and polished and is valued as a precious gem

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

encompassingadjectiveUS /enˈkʌmpəsɪŋ/

broad in scope or content

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

fledverbUS /fled/

inflected form of “flee” — run away quickly

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

frameworknounUS /ˈfreɪmwɜːrk/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

graynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

horizonnounUS /hərˈaɪzən/

the line at which the sky and Earth appear to meet

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Daybreak over the desert became a thunder of light.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.

metalnounUS /ˈmetəl/

any of several chemical elements that are usually shiny solids that conduct heat or electricity and can be formed into sheets etc.

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

minutenounUS /ˈmɪnət/

a unit of time equal to 60 seconds or 1/60th of an hour

From this reading Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

obsidiannounUS /əbˈsɪdiən/

acid or granitic glass formed by the rapid cooling of lava without crystallization; usually dark, but transparent in thin pieces

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Daybreak over the desert became a thunder of light.

OtheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

paleadjectiveUS /peɪl/

very light colored; highly diluted with white

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

raysnounUS /reɪz/

plural of “ray” — a column of light (as from a beacon)

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

removedadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

rocketnounUS /ˈrɑːkət/

any vehicle self-propelled by a rocket engine

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

sagenounUS /seɪdʒ/

a mentor in spiritual and philosophical topics who is renowned for profound wisdom

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

slantedadjectiveUS /ˈslæntɪd/

having an oblique or slanted direction

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

slatenounUS /sleɪt/

(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

strewnverbUS /struːn/

inflected form of “strew” — spread by scattering ("straw" is archaic)

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

thunderverbUS /ˈθʌndər/

move fast, noisily, and heavily

From this reading Daybreak over the desert became a thunder of light.

TinyadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪni/

very small

From this reading Tiny ants had removed the last of the metal framework encompassing the rocket.

upwardadjectiveUS /ˈʌpwərd/

directed up

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

washedadjectiveUS /wɑːʃt/

clean by virtue of having been washed in water

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Other ants were visible making last minute cheeks.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The great red sun was just breaking over the desert horizon when Crag got his last good look at earth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Its rays slanted upward, shadows fled from the sage; the obsidian sky with its strewn diamonds became slate gray and, in moments, a pale washed blue.

Chapter 4 of First on the Moon by Jeff Sutton holds 331 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of First on the Moon contain?

Chapter 4 holds 331 sentences of First on the Moon, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of First on the Moon by Jeff Sutton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 331 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of First on the Moon?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading First on the Moon

Common questions about reading First on the Moon by Jeff Sutton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of First on the Moon?

Yes. All 5657 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43235 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of First on the Moon is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43235, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does First on the Moon take to read?

About 471 minutes of reading across 1132 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read First on the Moon section by section

How to work through First on the Moon section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of First on the Moon to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in First on the Moon

Words and structures a reader meets early in First on the Moon, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First on the Moon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Avenue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First on the Moon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Americas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First on the Moon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scrutinized
A word that appears in the opening chapter of First on the Moon; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.