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Flight: An Epic of the Air
Flight: An Epic of the Air

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Flight: An Epic of the Air is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Flight: An Epic of the Air
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.
Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.
The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.
As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.
Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.
0:00 / 0:00
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Flight: An Epic of the Air

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Flight: An Epic of the Air is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.
/ðə er wɑːz fɪld wɪð pleɪnz droʊvz ʌv ðem ˈflaɪɪŋ ɪn fɔːrˈmeɪʃən ˈkæstɪŋ ðer ˈʃædoʊz ˈoʊvər ðə mərˈiːn ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən beɪs æt ˌpensəˈkoʊlə ˈflɔːrədə laɪk ə ɡreɪt ˈbɑːdi ʌv ˈloʊkəsts/
Line 2
Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.
/ˈsʌdənli ə loʊn pərˈsuːt pleɪn fluː ˈoʊvər ðə fiːld laɪk ə məˈdʒestɪk ˈiːɡəl/
Line 3
The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.
/ðə ˈpaɪlət pʊʃt ðə stɪk ˈfɔːrwərd ənd ðə pleɪn ˈsloʊli ˈɡlaɪdɪd daʊn təˈwɔːrd ɜːrθ æn ˈɔːlmoʊst ˈhjuːmən θɪŋ ˈbjuːtəfəl tuː ɡeɪz əˈpɑːn ˈɡreɪsfəl æz ə lɑːrdʒ bɜːrd ənd ˈpɜːrfəktli ˈhændəld æt ðə kənˈtroʊlz baɪ æn ˈekspərt ˈermən/
Line 4
As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.
/æz ðə ˈlændɪŋ ɡɪrz tʌtʃt ɡraʊnd ənd ðə pleɪn ˈtæksid əˈlɔːŋ tuː ðə pleɪs wer ˈʌðər ʃɪps stʊd ˈaɪdəl ˈlefti huː wɑːz ˈstændɪŋ wɪð ə ɡruːp ʌv ˈnuːli ərˈaɪvd rəˈkruːts ˈnoʊtəst ðə boʊld red ˈflaɪɪŋ ˈdevəl ˈpeɪntɪd dərˈektli ˈʌndər ðə ˈkɑːkpɪt/
Line 5
Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

airman noun US /ˈermən/

someone who operates an aircraft

From this reading “The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.”

Aviation noun US /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading “The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.”

droves noun US /droʊvz/

plural of “drove” — a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading “The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.”

gears noun US /ɡɪrz/

plural of “gear” — a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading “As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.”

Lefty noun US /ˈlefti/

a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right

From this reading “As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.”

Pensacola noun US /ˌpensəˈkoʊlə/

a town in extreme northwest Florida

From this reading “The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.”

taxied verb US /ˈtæksid/

past form of “taxi” — travel slowly

From this reading “As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.”

togs noun US /tɑːɡz/

informal terms for clothing

From this reading “Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

familiar figure adjective + noun

In this reading “Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.”

crawled out verb + adjective counted as “crawl out”

In this reading “Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.”

glided down verb + adjective counted as “glide down”

In this reading “The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.”

flew over verb + particle counted as “fly over”

In this reading “Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

airmannounUS /ˈermən/

someone who operates an aircraft

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

attiredadjectiveUS /əˈtaɪrd/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

AviationnounUS /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/

the aggregation of a country's military aircraft

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

BasenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

boldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

cockpitnounUS /ˈkɑːkpɪt/

compartment where the pilot sits while flying the aircraft

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

controlsnounUS /kənˈtroʊlz/

plural of “control” — power to direct or determine

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

crawledverbUS /krɔːld/

past form of “crawl” — move slowly; in the case of people or animals with the body near the ground

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

devilnounUS /ˈdevəl/

(Judeo-Christian and Islamic religions) chief spirit of evil and adversary of God; tempter of mankind; master of Hell

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

directlyadverbUS /dərˈektli/

without deviation

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

drovesnounUS /droʊvz/

plural of “drove” — a group of animals (a herd or flock) moving together

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

expertadjectiveUS /ˈekspərt/

having or showing knowledge and skill and aptitude

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

figurenounUS /ˈfɪɡjər/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

flewverbUS /fluː/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

FloridanounUS /ˈflɔːrədə/

a state in southeastern United States between the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico; one of the Confederate states during the American Civil War

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

formationnounUS /fɔːrˈmeɪʃən/

an arrangement of people or things acting as a unit

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

gearsnounUS /ɡɪrz/

plural of “gear” — a toothed wheel that engages another toothed mechanism in order to change the speed or direction of transmitted motion

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

glidedverbUS /ˈɡlaɪdɪd/

past form of “glide” — move smoothly and effortlessly

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

gracefuladjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪsfəl/

characterized by beauty of movement, style, form, or execution

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

greasyadjectiveUS /ˈɡriːsi/

containing an unusual amount of grease or oil

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

handledadjectiveUS /ˈhændəld/

having a usually specified type of handle

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

landingnounUS /ˈlændɪŋ/

an intermediate platform in a staircase

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

LeftynounUS /ˈlefti/

a person who uses the left hand with greater skill than the right

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

locustsnounUS /ˈloʊkəsts/

plural of “locust” — migratory grasshoppers of warm regions having short antennae

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

loneadjectiveUS /loʊn/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

majesticadjectiveUS /məˈdʒestɪk/

majestic in manner or bearing; superior to mundane matters

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

MarineadjectiveUS /mərˈiːn/

of or relating to the sea

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

noticedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəst/

being perceived or observed

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

oil-stained

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

PanamanounUS /ˈpænəmɑː/

a republic on the Isthmus of Panama; achieved independence from Colombia in 1903

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

PensacolanounUS /ˌpensəˈkoʊlə/

a town in extreme northwest Florida

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

perfectlyadverbUS /ˈpɜːrfəktli/

completely and without qualification; used informally as intensifiers

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

pilotverbUS /ˈpaɪlət/

operate an airplane

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

planenounUS /pleɪn/

an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

planesnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plane” — an aircraft that has a fixed wing and is powered by propellers or jets

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

PresentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

prizenounUS /praɪz/

something given for victory or superiority in a contest or competition or for winning a lottery

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

pushedverbUS /pʊʃt/

past form of “push” — move with force

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

recruitsnounUS /rəˈkruːts/

plural of “recruit” — a recently enlisted soldier

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

SergeantnounUS /ˈsɑːrdʒənt/

any of several noncommissioned officer ranks in the Army or Air Force or Marines ranking above a corporal

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

SuddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading Suddenly, a lone pursuit plane flew over the field like a majestic eagle.

taxiedverbUS /ˈtæksid/

past form of “taxi” — travel slowly

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

togsnounUS /tɑːɡz/

informal terms for clothing

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

towardprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrd/

in the direction of

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The pilot pushed the stick forward and the plane slowly glided down toward earth, an almost human thing, beautiful to gaze upon, graceful as a large bird and perfectly handled at the controls by an expert airman.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As the landing gears touched ground and the plane taxied along to the place where other ships stood idle, Lefty, who was standing with a group of newly arrived recruits, noticed the bold, red flying devil painted directly under the cockpit.

WilliamsnounUS /ˈwɪljəmz/

United States country singer and songwriter (1923-1953)

From this reading Presently the prize ship came to a stop and the familiar figure of Sergeant Panama Williams crawled out of the cockpit, attired in greasy, oil-stained flying togs.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The air was filled with planes, droves of them, flying in formation, casting their shadows over the Marine Aviation Base at Pensacola, Florida, like a great body of locusts.

Chapter 4 of Flight: An Epic of the Air by Irwin R. Franklyn holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Flight: An Epic of the Air contain?

Chapter 4 holds 135 sentences of Flight: An Epic of the Air, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Flight: An Epic of the Air by Irwin R. Franklyn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Flight: An Epic of the Air?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Flight: An Epic of the Air

Common questions about reading Flight: An Epic of the Air by Irwin R. Franklyn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Flight: An Epic of the Air?

Yes. All 2719 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55977 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Flight: An Epic of the Air is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55977, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Flight: An Epic of the Air take to read?

About 226 minutes of reading across 544 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Flight: An Epic of the Air section by section

How to work through Flight: An Epic of the Air section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of Flight: An Epic of the Air to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Flight: An Epic of the Air

Words and structures a reader meets early in Flight: An Epic of the Air, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Particular
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flight: An Epic of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chilly
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flight: An Epic of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flight: An Epic of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flight: An Epic of the Air; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.