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Florence Nightingale: A Biography
Florence Nightingale: A Biography

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Florence Nightingale: A Biography is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Florence Nightingale: A Biography
Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.
She was not alone.
There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.
But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.
All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Florence Nightingale: A Biography

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Florence Nightingale: A Biography is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.
/faɪv wɜːr waɪz ənd faɪv ˈfuːlɪʃ wen ðə ɡreɪt ˈmoʊmənt keɪm ðer wɑːz wʌn waɪz ˈvɜːrdʒɪn huːz læmp hæd lɔːŋ bɪn trɪmd ənd ˈdeɪli riˈfɪld wɪð ˈevər ˈfaɪnər ˈkwɑːləti ʌv fleɪm/
Line 2
She was not alone.
/ʃiː wɑːz nɑːt əˈloʊn/
Line 3
There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.
Line 4
But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.
/bʌt ʃiː stʊd ˈiːzəli fɜːrst ənd fɜːrst tuː ɪn ðə ˈmɑːdəsti ʌv ɔːl truː ˈɡreɪtnəs/
Line 5
All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.
/ɔːl hɜːr laɪf hæd bɪn ə ˈtreɪnɪŋ fɔːr ðə wɜːrk wɪtʃ wɑːz naʊ ˈɡɪvən tuː hɜːr hænd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

finer adjective US /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading ““_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.”

greatness noun US /ˈɡreɪtnəs/

the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence

From this reading “But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.”

modesty noun US /ˈmɑːdəsti/

freedom from vanity or conceit

From this reading “But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.”

quality noun US /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading ““_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.”

refilled verb US /riˈfɪld/

past form of “refill” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading ““_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.”

training noun US /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading “All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.”

trimmed adjective US /trɪmd/

made neat and tidy by trimming

From this reading ““_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.”

virgin noun US /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading ““_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

finer quality adjective + noun

In this reading ““_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.”

true greatness adjective + noun

In this reading “But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.”

All words in this reading · 58

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading She was not alone.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

fineradjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnər/

(comparative of “fine”) greater in quality or excellence

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

FivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

flamenounUS /fleɪm/

A hot glowing body of ignited gas produced by fire.

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

greatnessnounUS /ˈɡreɪtnəs/

the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

honournounUS /ˈɑːnər/

the state of being honored

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

lampnounUS /læmp/

an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

modestynounUS /ˈmɑːdəsti/

freedom from vanity or conceit

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading She was not alone.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

qualitynounUS /ˈkwɑːləti/

an essential and distinguishing attribute of something or someone

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

refilledverbUS /riˈfɪld/

past form of “refill” — fill something that had previously been emptied

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was not alone.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There were others, and she was always among the first to do them honour.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

trainingnounUS /ˈtreɪnɪŋ/

activity leading to skilled behavior

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

trimmedadjectiveUS /trɪmd/

made neat and tidy by trimming

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading But she stood easily first, and first, too, in the modesty of all true greatness.

virginnounUS /ˈvɜːrdʒɪn/

a person who has never had sex

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “_Five were wise, and five foolish._” When the great moment came, there was one wise virgin whose lamp had long been trimmed and daily refilled with ever finer quality of flame.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading All her life had been a training for the work which was now given to her hand.

Chapter 11 of Florence Nightingale: A Biography by Annie Matheson holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Florence Nightingale: A Biography contain?

Chapter 11 holds 117 sentences of Florence Nightingale: A Biography, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Florence Nightingale: A Biography by Annie Matheson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Florence Nightingale: A Biography?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Florence Nightingale: A Biography

Common questions about reading Florence Nightingale: A Biography by Annie Matheson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Florence Nightingale: A Biography?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Florence Nightingale: A Biography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Florence Nightingale: A Biography take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Florence Nightingale: A Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Florence Nightingale: A Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in Florence Nightingale: A Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Florence Nightingale: A Biography, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Florence Nightingale: A Biography, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Florence Nightingale: A Biography, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.