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Flowing Gold
Flowing Gold

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Flowing Gold is here in full — 193 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Flowing Gold
Context Illustration Reading 1/38 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.
From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.
The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.
Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.
We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Flowing Gold

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Flowing Gold is here in full — 193 sentences across 39 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/38 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.
/noʊ ˈɪndəstri kæn boʊst ə ˈhɪstəri mɔːr drəˈmætɪk mɔːr ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ ðæn ðæt ʌv ɔɪl/
Line 2
From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.
/frʌm ðə dɪˈskʌvəri ʌv pəˈtroʊliəm ɑːn θruː ðə dɪˈveləpmənt ʌv ɪts ˈjuːsfəlnəs ənd ðə væst ɪkˈspænʃən ʌv ɪts prəˈdʌkʃən ðə ˈstɔːri ɪz wʌn ʌv ˌɪnˈtens ˈhjuːmən ˈɪntrəst ənd nɑːt ˈiːvɪn ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ˈmaɪnɪŋ hæz ˈtʃæptərz mɔːr ˈstɜːrɪŋ ɔːr mɔːr spekˈtækjələr/
Line 3
The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.
Line 4
Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.
Line 5
We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.
/wiː laɪv ɪn ə məˈkænɪkəl eɪdʒ ənd wɪˈθaʊt ɔɪl ˈaʊər ˈberɪŋz wʊd rʌn hɑːt ənd ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən æz wiː noʊ ɪt wʊd stɑːp/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

babyhood noun US /ˈbeɪbihʊd/

the early stage of growth or development

From this reading “The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.”

cleans noun US /kliːnz/

plural of “clean” — a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead

From this reading “Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.”

greased adjective US /ɡriːst/

smeared with oil or grease to reduce friction

From this reading “The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.”

liners noun US /ˈlaɪnərz/

plural of “liner” — (baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading “Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.”

petroleum noun US /pəˈtroʊliəm/

a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons

From this reading “From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.”

plows noun US /plaʊz/

plural of “plow” — a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing

From this reading “Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.”

spectacular adjective US /spekˈtækjələr/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading “From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.”

vaseline noun US /ˈvæsəliːn/

a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly

From this reading “The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.”

All words in this reading · 112

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

averageadjectiveUS /ˈævərɪdʒ/

approximating the statistical norm or average or expected value

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

babyhoodnounUS /ˈbeɪbihʊd/

the early stage of growth or development

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

bearingsnounUS /ˈberɪŋz/

plural of “bearing” — relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

boastverbUS /boʊst/

show off

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

by-products

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

carriesnounUS /ˈkæriz/

plural of “carry” — the act of carrying something

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

chaptersnounUS /ˈtʃæptərz/

plural of “chapter” — a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

cleansnounUS /kliːnz/

plural of “clean” — a weightlift in which the barbell is lifted to shoulder height and then jerked overhead

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

dominionnounUS /dəˈmɪnjən/

dominance or power through legal authority

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

excitingadjectiveUS /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/

creating or arousing excitement

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

expansionnounUS /ɪkˈspænʃən/

the act of increasing (something) in size or volume or quantity or scope

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

failsverbUS /feɪlz/

third-person singular of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

farmersnounUS /ˈfɑːrmərz/

plural of “farmer” — a person who operates a farm

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

glovesnounUS /ɡlʌvz/

plural of “glove” — the handwear used by fielders in playing baseball

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

greasedadjectiveUS /ɡriːst/

smeared with oil or grease to reduce friction

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

hearsenounUS /hɜːrs/

a vehicle for carrying a coffin to a church or a cemetery; formerly drawn by horses but now usually a motor vehicle

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

industrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

intenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtens/

possessing or displaying a distinctive feature to a heightened degree

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

linersnounUS /ˈlaɪnərz/

plural of “liner” — (baseball) a hit that flies straight out from the batter

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

mechanicaladjectiveUS /məˈkænɪkəl/

using (or as if using) mechanisms or tools or devices

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

mineralnounUS /ˈmɪnərəl/

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

miningnounUS /ˈmaɪnɪŋ/

the act of extracting ores or coal etc from the earth

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

motornounUS /ˈmoʊtər/

machine that converts other forms of energy into mechanical energy and so imparts motion

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

nosenounUS /noʊz/

the organ of smell and entrance to the respiratory tract; the prominent part of the face of man or other mammals

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

OceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

petroleumnounUS /pəˈtroʊliəm/

a dark oil consisting mainly of hydrocarbons

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

plowsnounUS /plaʊz/

plural of “plow” — a farm tool having one or more heavy blades to break the soil and cut a furrow prior to sowing

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

productionnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃən/

the act or process of producing something

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

shopgirl's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

spectacularadjectiveUS /spekˈtækjələr/

sensational in appearance or thrilling in effect

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

stirringnounUS /ˈstɜːrɪŋ/

agitating a liquid with an implement

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

stopverbUS /stɑːp/

come to a halt, stop moving

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

takesnounUS /teɪks/

plural of “take” — the income or profit arising from such transactions as the sale of land or other property

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading No industry can boast a history more dramatic, more exciting, than that of oil.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

usefulnessnounUS /ˈjuːsfəlnəs/

the quality of being of practical use

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

vaselinenounUS /ˈvæsəliːn/

a trademarked brand of petroleum jelly

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading From the discovery of petroleum, on through the development of its usefulness and the vast expansion of its production, the story is one of intense human interest, and not even the story of mining has chapters more stirring or more spectacular.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading Ocean liners and farmers' plows are driven by it; it takes the rich man to his office and it cleans the shopgirl's gloves; it gives us dominion over the air and beneath the waters of the sea.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The average man has never stopped to consider how close he is to the oil business or how dependent he is upon it; from babyhood, when his nose is greased with vaseline, to the occasion when a motor hearse carries him on his last journey, there is not often a day when he fails to make use of mineral oil or some of its by-products.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading We live in a mechanical age, and without oil our bearings would run hot and civilization, as we know it, would stop.

Chapter 8 of Flowing Gold by Rex Beach holds 193 sentences, grouped into 39 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Flowing Gold contain?

Chapter 8 holds 193 sentences of Flowing Gold, unabridged, divided into 39 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Flowing Gold by Rex Beach exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 193 sentences, grouped into 39 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Flowing Gold?

Work through the 39 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 39 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Flowing Gold

Common questions about reading Flowing Gold by Rex Beach on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Flowing Gold?

Yes. All 8716 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6425 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Flowing Gold is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6425, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Flowing Gold take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1744 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Flowing Gold section by section

How to work through Flowing Gold section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of Flowing Gold to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Flowing Gold

Words and structures a reader meets early in Flowing Gold, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Representative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flowing Gold; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dallas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flowing Gold; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anticipated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flowing Gold; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Difficulty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Flowing Gold; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.