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Foes
Foes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Foes is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Foes
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.
A bonny day like this I look."
English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.
The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.
Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Foes

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Foes is here in full — 139 sentences across 28 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.
/sed ˈmʌðər ˈbɪnɪŋ waɪlz aɪ spɪn ənd waɪlz aɪ driːm/
Line 2
A bonny day like this I look."
/ə ˈbɑːni deɪ laɪk ðɪs aɪ lʊk/
Line 3
English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.
Line 4
The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.
Line 5
Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Binning verb US /ˈbɪnɪŋ/

inflected form of “bin” — store in bins

From this reading “Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.”

bonny adjective US /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading “A bonny day like this I look."”

cot noun US /kɑːt/

a sheath worn to protect a finger

From this reading “The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.”

feathery adjective US /ˈfeðəri/

resembling or suggesting a feather or feathers

From this reading “English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.”

overhung verb US /oʊvərˈhʌŋ/

inflected form of “overhang” — project over

From this reading “The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.”

spin verb US /spɪn/

revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading “Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.”

Strickland noun US /ˈstrɪklənd/

United States architect and student of Latrobe (1787-1854)

From this reading “English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.”

whiles noun US /waɪlz/

plural of “while” — a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition

From this reading “Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A bonny day like this I look."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

ash-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

BelowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

BinningverbUS /ˈbɪnɪŋ/

inflected form of “bin” — store in bins

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

Binning's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

bonnyadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading A bonny day like this I look."

brawled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

cotnounUS /kɑːt/

a sheath worn to protect a finger

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading A bonny day like this I look."

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

featheryadjectiveUS /ˈfeðəri/

resembling or suggesting a feather or feathers

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

glennounUS /ɡlen/

a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

Glenfernie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

leapedverbUS /lept/

past form of “leap” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

ledgenounUS /ledʒ/

a projecting ridge on a mountain or submerged under water

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading A bonny day like this I look."

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading A bonny day like this I look."

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

MothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

overhungverbUS /oʊvərˈhʌŋ/

inflected form of “overhang” — project over

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

poolnounUS /puːl/

an excavation that is (usually) filled with water

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The ash-tree before Mother Binning's cot overhung a pool of the little river.

SaidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

smoothadjectiveUS /smuːð/

having a surface free from roughness or bumps or ridges or irregularities

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

spinverbUS /spɪn/

revolve quickly and repeatedly around one's own axis

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

StricklandnounUS /ˈstrɪklənd/

United States architect and student of Latrobe (1787-1854)

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

sunshinenounUS /ˈsʌnʃaɪn/

the rays of the sun

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A bonny day like this I look."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

tutorverbUS /ˈtuːtər/

be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading English Strickland, tutor at Glenfernie House, looked, too, at the feathery glen, vivid in June sunshine.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Below, the water brawled and leaped from ledge to ledge, but here at the head of the glen it ran smooth and still.

WhilesnounUS /waɪlz/

plural of “while” — a period of indeterminate length (usually short) marked by some action or condition

From this reading Said Mother Binning: "Whiles I spin and whiles I dream.

Chapter 1 of Foes by Mary Johnston holds 139 sentences, grouped into 28 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Foes contain?

Chapter 1 holds 139 sentences of Foes, unabridged, divided into 28 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Foes by Mary Johnston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 139 sentences, grouped into 28 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Foes?

Work through the 28 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 28 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Foes

Common questions about reading Foes by Mary Johnston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Foes?

Yes. All 7467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Foes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Foes take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1494 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Foes section by section

How to work through Foes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Foes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Foes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Foes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Binning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whiles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.