Chapter 4 of Foes is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter IV
Chapter 4 of Foes is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather. "Good day!" said the new-comer. "Good day!" The youth stood beside him. "I am Ian Rullock."
Chapter 4 of Foes is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb
From this reading “Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.”
next to; at the side of
From this reading “The youth stood beside him.”
an upholstered seat for more than one person
From this reading “Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.”
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
From this reading “"Good day!" said the new-comer.”
common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere
From this reading “Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.”
located or moved above the surround or above the normal position
From this reading “Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.”
Maintained an upright posture.
From this reading “The youth stood beside him.”
a young person (especially a young man or boy)
From this reading “The youth stood beside him.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
the form of “be” used with “I”
From this reading "I am Ian Rullock."
next to; at the side of
From this reading The youth stood beside him.
an upholstered seat for more than one person
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis
From this reading "Good day!" said the new-comer.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified
From this reading "Good day!" said the new-comer.
common Old World heath represented by many varieties; low evergreen grown widely in the northern hemisphere
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition
From this reading The youth stood beside him.
used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb
From this reading "I am Ian Rullock."
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I am Ian Rullock."
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "Good day!" said the new-comer.
located or moved above the surround or above the normal position
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading "I am Ian Rullock."
being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
From this reading "Good day!" said the new-comer.
Maintained an upright posture.
From this reading The youth stood beside him.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading Alexander raised himself from his couch in the heather.
a young person (especially a young man or boy)
From this reading The youth stood beside him.
Chapter 4 of Foes by Mary Johnston holds 228 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 4 holds 228 sentences of Foes, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 4 of Foes by Mary Johnston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 228 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Common questions about reading Foes by Mary Johnston on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Yes. All 7467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Project Gutenberg eBook #16554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
About 600 minutes of reading across 1494 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to work through Foes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
Choose one of the 35 chapters of Foes to begin.
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Words and structures a reader meets early in Foes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
