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Foes
Foes

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Foes is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Foes
Context Illustration Reading 1/46 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.
The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.
_Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.
The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.
Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Foes

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Foes is here in full — 233 sentences across 47 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/46 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.
Line 2
The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.
/ðə prɪns hæd steɪd tuː ɡɪv æn ˈɔːrdər tuː hɪz ˈbroʊkən ˈɑːrmi/
Line 3
_Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.
Line 4
The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.
/ðə ˈstuːərt hoʊp wɑːz sʌŋk ɪn ðə siː ʌv ded hoʊps/
Line 5
Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.
/ˈkʌmbərlənd wɪð fɔːr ðə taɪm ənd pleɪs ə ɡreɪt fɔːrs ənd wɪð æn ˈʌɡli ˈfjʊri ˈhʌntəd ɔːl huː hæd bɪn ɪn ɑːrmz əˈɡenst kɪŋ dʒɔːrdʒ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cumberland noun US /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading “Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.”

fastness noun US /ˈfæstnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading “_Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.”

fugitive noun US /ˈfjuːdʒətɪv/

someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading “The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.”

glens noun US /ɡlenz/

plural of “glen” — a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading “_Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.”

Highland noun US /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading “The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.”

hunted adjective US /ˈhʌntəd/

reflecting the fear or terror of one who is hunted

From this reading “Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.”

Stewart noun US /ˈstuːərt/

United States film actor who portrayed incorruptible but modest heros (1908-1997)

From this reading “The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.”

sunk adjective US /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading “The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.”

All words in this reading · 73

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

Culloden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

CumberlandnounUS /ˈkʌmbərlənd/

English general; son of George II; fought unsuccessfully in the battle of Fontenoy (1721-1765)

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

fastnessnounUS /ˈfæstnəs/

a rate (usually rapid) at which something happens

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

fugitivenounUS /ˈfjuːdʒətɪv/

someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

glensnounUS /ɡlenz/

plural of “glen” — a narrow secluded valley (in the mountains)

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

HighlandnounUS /ˈhaɪlənd/

elevated (e.g., mountainous) land

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

hopesnounUS /hoʊps/

plural of “hope” — a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

huntedadjectiveUS /ˈhʌntəd/

reflecting the fear or terror of one who is hunted

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

Ian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

overtowered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

peut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

PrincenounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

qui

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

rolledadjectiveUS /roʊld/

especially of petals or leaves in bud; having margins rolled inward

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

Sauve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

StewartnounUS /ˈstuːərt/

United States film actor who portrayed incorruptible but modest heros (1908-1997)

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

sunkadjectiveUS /sʌŋk/

doomed to extinction

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Prince had stayed to give an order to his broken army.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading _Sauve qui peut!_ Then he, too, became a fugitive, passing from one fastness to another of these glens and the mountains that overtowered them.

uglyadjectiveUS /ˈʌɡli/

displeasing to the senses

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Stewart hope was sunk in the sea of dead hopes.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The green May rolled around and below the Highland shelter where Ian lay, fugitive, like thousands of others, after Culloden.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Cumberland, with for the time and place a great force and with an ugly fury, hunted all who had been in arms against King George.

Chapter 21 of Foes by Mary Johnston holds 233 sentences, grouped into 47 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Foes contain?

Chapter 21 holds 233 sentences of Foes, unabridged, divided into 47 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Foes by Mary Johnston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 233 sentences, grouped into 47 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Foes?

Work through the 47 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 47 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Foes

Common questions about reading Foes by Mary Johnston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Foes?

Yes. All 7467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Foes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Foes take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1494 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Foes section by section

How to work through Foes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Foes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Foes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Foes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Binning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whiles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.