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Foes
Foes

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Foes is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Foes
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.
The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.
The pine-tree looked afar to other pine-trees.
Each seemed solitary.
Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Foes

Chapter XXVIII · Chapter 28

Chapter 28 of Foes is here in full — 135 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.
Line 2
The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.
Line 3
The pine-tree looked afar to other pine-trees.
Line 4
Each seemed solitary.
/iːtʃ siːmd ˈsɑːləteri/
Line 5
Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.
/jet ɔːl hæd ðə ˈwʌnnəs ʌv ðə ɡreɪt steɪdʒ ənd ɪf ɪt kʊd ˌkɑːmpriˈhend ðə steɪdʒ maɪt swɪm wɪð ɪts ˈlɪtəl sɑːləˈterinɪs ˈɪntuː ə ˈwaɪdər juːˈniːknəs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amethyst noun US /ˈæmɪθɪst/

a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone

From this reading “The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.”

donning verb US /ˈdɑːnɪŋ/

inflected form of “don” — put clothing on one's body

From this reading “The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.”

flowering noun US /ˈflaʊərɪŋ/

the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms

From this reading “The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.”

laird noun US /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading “The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.”

oneness noun US /ˈwʌnnəs/

the quality of being united into one

From this reading “Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.”

solitariness noun US /sɑːləˈterinɪs/

the state of being alone in solitary isolation

From this reading “Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.”

speculating verb US /ˈspekjəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “speculate” — to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds

From this reading “The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.”

uniqueness noun US /juːˈniːknəs/

the quality of being one of a kind

From this reading “Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

afaradverbUS /əˈfɑːr/

(old-fashioned) at or from or to a great distance; far

From this reading The pine-tree looked afar to other pine-trees.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

amethystnounUS /ˈæmɪθɪst/

a transparent purple variety of quartz; used as a gemstone

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

blueadjectiveUS /bluː/

of the color intermediate between green and violet; having a color similar to that of a clear unclouded sky

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

Campagna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

clearlyadverbUS /ˈklɪrli/

without doubt or question

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

comprehendverbUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhend/

get the meaning of something

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

donningverbUS /ˈdɑːnɪŋ/

inflected form of “don” — put clothing on one's body

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

EachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Each seemed solitary.

flowedverbUS /floʊd/

past form of “flow” — move or progress freely as if in a stream

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

floweringnounUS /ˈflaʊərɪŋ/

the time and process of budding and unfolding of blossoms

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

Glenfernie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

grassverbUS /ɡræs/

shoot down, of birds

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

lairdnounUS /lerd/

a landowner

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

layverbUS /leɪ/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

lonelyadjectiveUS /ˈloʊnli/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The pine-tree looked afar to other pine-trees.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

multitudinousadjective

too numerous to be counted

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

onenessnounUS /ˈwʌnnəs/

the quality of being united into one

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

pine-tree

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

pine-trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pine-tree looked afar to other pine-trees.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Each seemed solitary.

solitarinessnounUS /sɑːləˈterinɪs/

the state of being alone in solitary isolation

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

solitaryadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləteri/

characterized by or preferring solitude

From this reading Each seemed solitary.

speculatingverbUS /ˈspekjəleɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “speculate” — to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

swimverbUS /swɪm/

travel through water

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The laird of Glenfernie lay in the flowering grass, beneath a pine-tree, rising lonely from the Roman Campagna.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The pine-tree looked afar to other pine-trees.

uniquenessnounUS /juːˈniːknəs/

the quality of being one of a kind

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The grass flowed for miles, a multitudinous green speculating upon other colors, here and there clearly donning a gold, an amethyst, a blue.

wideradjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdər/

comparative of “wide” — having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet all had the oneness of the great stage, and if it could comprehend the stage might swim with its little solitariness into a wider uniqueness.

Chapter 28 of Foes by Mary Johnston holds 135 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Foes contain?

Chapter 28 holds 135 sentences of Foes, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Foes by Mary Johnston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 135 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Foes?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Foes

Common questions about reading Foes by Mary Johnston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Foes?

Yes. All 7467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16554 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Foes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16554, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Foes take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1494 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Foes section by section

How to work through Foes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Foes to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Foes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Foes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Mother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Binning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whiles
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dream
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.